Table 2.
Moisture content, pH, and nicotine content in select Indian smokeless tobacco products purchased in Mumbaia
| Product | Market | Moisture, % | pH | Total nicotine, mg/g dry weight | Unprotonated nicotine |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of total | mg/g dry weight | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Manufactured, pre-packaged products | ||||||
| Pandharpuri Sandeep | Belapur Station | 18.0 ± 0.69 | 5.25 ± 0.05 | 49.3 ± 5.5 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.001 |
| Nerul Station | 17.9 ± 0.13 | 5.23 ± 0.004 | 44.3 ± 6.2 | 0.16 ± 0.001 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | |
| Sanpada Station | 17.0 ± 0.08 | 5.19 ± 0.02 | 50.4 ± 7.1 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | |
| Average ± SD for Pandharpuri Sandeep | 17.6 ± 0.60 | 5.22 ± 0.04 | 48.0 ± 5.7 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | |
|
| ||||||
| Om Special Pandharpuri | Belapur Station | 16.7 ± 1.4 | 5.21 ± 0.00 | 53.4 ± 6.2 | 0.15 ± 0.00 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
| Nerul Station | 19.0 ± 0.17 | 5.23 ± 0.07 | 46.7 ± 0.23 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | |
| Sanpada Station | 17.9 ± 0.47 | 5.17 ± 0.04 | 45.6 ± 2.9 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.001 | |
| Average ± SD for Om Special Pandharpuri | 17.9 ± 1.2 | 5.20 ± 0.05 | 48.6 ± 4.9 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | |
|
| ||||||
| Tambakhu Gai Chhap | Belapur Station | 14.2 ± 0.73 | 6.25 ± 0.06 | 34.8 ± 0.03 | 1.7 ± 0.23 | 0.59 ± 0.08 |
| Nerul Station | 17.0 ± 0.33 | 6.22 ± 0.004 | 35.3 ± 0.67 | 1.6 ± 0.01 | 0.55 ± 0.01 | |
| Sanpada Station | 15.0 ± 0.23 | 6.23 ± 0.01 | 30.9 ± 1.4 | 1.6 ± 0.03 | 0.49 ± 0.03 | |
| Average ± SD for Tambakhu Gai Chhap | 15.4 ± 1.3 | 6.24 ± 0.03 | 33.7 ± 2.3 | 1.6 ± 0.12 | 0.54 ± 0.06 | |
|
| ||||||
| Miraj Tobacco | Belapur Station | 42.3 ± 0.22 | 10.29 ± 0.01 | 28.0 ± 0.39 | 99.5 ± 0.02 | 27.8 ± 0.40 |
| Nerul Station | 43.5 ± 0.02 | 10.75 ± 0.10 | 19.4 ± 2.1 | 99.8 ± 0.04 | 19.3 ± 2.1 | |
| Sanpada Station | 44.5 ± 0.21 | 10.53 ± 0.30 | 22.0 ± 0.05 | 99.7 ± 0.22 | 22.0 ± 0.10 | |
| Average ± SD for Miraj Tobacco | 43.4 ± 1.0 | 10.53 ± 0.25 | 23.1 ± 4.1 | 23.1 ± 4.1 | 23.0 ± 4.0 | |
|
| ||||||
| Chaini Khaini | Belapur Station | 26.1 ± 0.01 | 9.10 ± 0.13 | 10.9 ± 0.33 | 92.2 ± 2.2 | 10.0 ± 0.06 |
| Nerul Station | 23.2 ± 2.5 | 9.49 ± 0.14 | 17.2 ± 1.0 | 96.7 ± 1.1 | 16.6 ± 1.2 | |
| Sanpada Station | 24.0 ± 1.6 | 9.71 ± 0.30 | 12.6 ± 0.57 | 97.8 ± 1.4 | 12.3 ± 0.4 | |
| Average ± SD for Chaini Khaini | 24.4 ± 1.9 | 9.43 ± 0.32 | 13.6 ± 2.9 | 95.5 ± 2.9 | 13.0 ± 3.0 | |
| Vendor-made products, prepared at the time of purchase | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Mawa ‘120–300’ | Belapur Station | 16.3 | 6.58 | 5.9 | 3.5 | 0.21 |
| Nerul Station | 20.7 | 7.55 | 7.7 | 25.3 | 1.9 | |
| Sanpada Station | 16.3 | 6.82 | 10.2 | 5.9 | 0.61 | |
| Average ± SD for mawa ‘120–130’ | 17.8 ± 2.6 | 6.98 ± 0.51 | 7.9 ± 2.2 | 11.6 ± 12.0 | 0.91 ± 0.88 | |
|
| ||||||
| Mawa ‘Bhola’ | Belapur Station | 12.8 | 5.95 | 12.1 | 0.83 | 0.10 |
| Nerul Station | 20.0 | 7.07 | 5.8 | 10.0 | 0.58 | |
| Sanpada Station | 15.2 | 6.15 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 0.07 | |
| Average ± SD for mawa ‘Bhola’ | 16.0 ± 3.7 | 6.39 ± 0.60 | 7.7 ± 3.8 | 4.1 ± 5.1 | 0.25 ± 0.29 | |
|
| ||||||
| Betel Quid /Banarasi Paan | Belapur Station | 29.6 | 6.78 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 0.40 |
| Nerul Station | 45.4 | 6.35 | 8.4 | 2.1 | 0.18 | |
| Sanpada Station | 50.0 | 6.50 | 6.7 | 2.9 | 0.20 | |
| Average ± SD for betel quid | 41.7 ± 10.7 | 6.54 ± 0.22 | 7.5 ± 0.88 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 0.26 ± 0.12 | |
a
Arithmetic means ± standard deviations are shown for products for which 2 or more samples were available. Otherwise, results of single sample analyses are shown.