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. 2021 Oct 19;12:692079. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692079

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Copyright © 2021 Ma, Jiang, Luo, Liao, Xu, Wang, Dong, Ji and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flow graph for characterizing the lncRNA landscape of HNSCC-infiltrating immune cells and for building a prognostic signature. Step 1: all lncRNAs were ranked according to their mean expression levels in each immune cell type, and the top 10% expressed lncRNAs were chosen as candidate lncRNAs. Step 2: the TSI scores of a total of 958 lncRNAs were calculated to reflect their expression specificity with respect to the 19 immune cell types. Step 3: lncRNAs with high TSI values (> 0.1) were further analyzed for differential expression between the 19 types of immune cells and the 34 HNSCC cell lines. Step 4: the lncRNAs upregulated in immune cells were screened out and compared with HNSCC cells. lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; TSI, tissue specificity index.