Table 1:

Baseline Characteristics of Uninsured Adults, Stratified by Starting Dialysis Modality and by Day of Dialysis Start

CHARACTERISTIC	Dialysis Modality at Start				Half of Calendar Month at Start
	HD		PD		First Half		Second Half
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Patient
Age at Day 1 of Dialysis ‡
18–45	19,440	36%	1,914	40%	10,447	37%	10,907	36%
46–55	17,272	32%	1,494	31%	9,067	32%	9,699	32%
56–65	15,165	28%	1,366	28%	8,070	28%	8,461	28%
>65	1,823	3%	65	1%	929	3%	959	3%
Sex ‡
Male	34,182	64%	2,688	56%	18,030	63%	18,840	63%
Female	19,518	36%	2,151	45%	10,483	37%	11,186	37%
Race ‡
White	28,274	53%	3,146	65%	15,170	53%	16,250	54%
Black	22,548	42%	1,450	30%	11,842	42%	12,156	41%
Asian	1,640	3%	154	3%	860	3%	934	3%
Other	1,238	2%	89	2%	641	2%	686	2%
Hispanic Ethnicity ‡	12,481	23%	1,039	22%	6,572	23%	6,948	23%
Employment Status ‡
Unemployed	32,809	61%	2,516	52%	17,204	60%	18,121	60%
Employed	5,729	11%	981	20%	3,224	11%	3,486	12%
Retired-Age	2,479	5%	215	4%	1,295	5%	1,399	5%
Disabled (Short- and Long-term)	10,826	20%	886	18%	5,727	20%	5,985	20%
Other	1,857	4%	241	5%	1,063	4%	1,035	3%
Primary Cause of ESRD ‡
Diabetes	21,723	41%	1,912	40%	11,485	40%	12,150	41%
Hypertension	18,054	34%	1,428	30%	9,595	34%	9,887	33%
Other	13,923	26%	1,499	31%	7,433	26%	7,989	27%
Prior Nephrology Care ‡ §
Yes	18,513	35%	3,285	68%	10,478	37%	11,320	38%
No	28,238	53%	1,281	27%	14,442	51%	15,077	50%
Unknown	6,949	13%	273	6%	3,593	13%	3,629	12%
Comorbid Conditions
Alcohol Dependence ‡	1,969	4%	47	1%	982	3%	1,034	3%
Amputation †	1,109	2%	68	1%	571	2%	606	2%
Atherosclerotic Heart Disease ‡	4,446	8%	305	6%	2,339	8%	2,412	8%
Cancer ‡	1,341	3%	76	2%	688	2%	729	2%
Congestive Heart Failure ‡	11,574	22%	658	14%	5,951	21%	6,281	21%
Chronic Obstructive Pulmondary Disease ‡	1,958	4%	126	3%	1,022	4%	1,062	4%
Prior CVA/TIA *	2,676	5%	208	4%	1,408	5%	1,476	5%
Diabetes: Insulin Dependent	17,102	32%	1,484	31%	9,041	32%	9,545	32%
Diabetes: Without Medications	2,914	5%	248	5%	1,547	5%	1,615	5%
Diabetes: Oral Medications *	5,845	11%	477	10%	3,049	11%	3,273	11%
Diabetes: Retinopathy ‡	4,277	8%	470	10%	2,286	8%	2,461	8%
Drug Dependence ‡	2,336	4%	48	1%	1,192	4%	1,192	4%
Hypertension ‡	47,192	88%	4,347	90%	25,063	88%	26,476	88%
Disability ‡	3,786	7%	120	3%	1,895	7%	2,011	7%
Other Cardiac Disease ‡	4,838	9%	331	7%	2,479	9%	2,690	9%
Peripheral Vascular Disease ‡	3,195	6%	216	5%	1,693	6%	1,718	6%
Smoker ‡	6,028	11%	458	10%	3,157	11%	3,329	11%
BMI, kg/m2 ‡
<18.5	1,770	3%	96	2%	902	3%	964	3%
18.5 – <30	31,364	59%	2,712	57%	16,549	59%	17,527	59%
30 – <40	14,838	28%	1,577	33%	8,029	28%	8,386	28%
40+	5,245	10%	400	8%	2,784	10%	2,861	10%
Albumin, g/dl ‡
<2.5	9,097	23%	360	10%	4,594	22%	4,863	22%
2.5 – <3	9,236	23%	476	13%	4,743	22%	4,969	22%
3 – <3.5	10,229	26%	867	24%	5,465	26%	5,631	25%
3.5+	11,587	29%	1,989	54%	6,577	31%	6,999	31%
Hemoglobin, g/dl ‡
<8	9,741	20%	471	11%	5,034	20%	5,178	19%
8 – <9	10,280	21%	691	16%	5,336	21%	5,635	21%
9 – <11	19,630	41%	1,877	44%	10,410	41%	11,097	41%
11+	8,782	18%	1,197	28%	4,857	19%	5,122	19%
Facility
Hospital-Based ‡ ∥	7,909	15%	374	8%	4,165	15%	4,118	14%
For-Profit Status ‡ §
For-Profit	42,236	79%	4,094	85%	22,439	79%	23,891	80%
Non-Profit	10,263	19%	681	14%	5,433	19%	5,511	18%
Unknown	1,201	2%	64	1%	641	2%	624	2%
Total facility patients per year ‡
1–50	10,004	19%	667	14%	5,307	19%	5,364	18%
51–100	21,954	41%	1,583	33%	11,385	40%	12,152	41%
101–150	13,307	25%	1,292	27%	7,062	25%	7,537	25%
151+	8,435	16%	1,297	27%	4,759	17%	4,973	17%
Total PD patients per year ‡ ¶
0	31,086	58%	69	1%	15,359	54%	15,796	53%
1–10	9,355	17%	671	14%	4,930	17%	5,096	17%
11–25	7,687	14%	1,448	30%	4,385	15%	4,750	16%
26–50	4,246	8%	1,463	30%	2,707	10%	3,002	10%
50+	1,326	3%	1,188	25%	1,132	4%	1,382	5%
Patient : nurse Ratio ‡
>0–10	12,340	23%	990	21%	6,546	23%	6,784	23%
>10–15	17,648	33%	1,857	39%	9,468	34%	10,037	34%
>15–20	13,283	25%	1,145	24%	7,007	25%	7,421	25%
20+	9,550	18%	753	16%	5,019	18%	5,284	18%
Patient : Staff Ratio ‡ §
>0–4	5,009	10%	191	4%	2,576	9%	2,624	9%
>4–5	7,313	14%	345	7%	3,796	14%	3,862	13%
>5–6	13,410	25%	789	17%	6,941	25%	7,258	25%
>6–7	13,355	25%	918	19%	7,008	25%	7,265	25%
>7–8	8,004	15%	864	18%	4,204	15%	4,664	16%
8+	5,757	11%	1,639	35%	3,527	13%	3,869	13%
Geographic
Total population in zipcode ‡
0 – <5,000	1,976	4%	198	4%	1,059	4%	1,115	4%
5,000 – <15,000	6,722	13%	661	14%	3,601	13%	3,782	13%
15,000 – <25,000	12,435	23%	1,263	26%	6,655	23%	7,043	24%
25,000 – <50,000	24,996	47%	2,285	47%	13,236	47%	14,045	47%
50,000+	7,512	14%	428	9%	3,930	14%	4,010	13%
Median income of zipcode ($) ‡
0 – <25,000	3,850	7%	369	8%	2,065	7%	2,154	7%
25,000 – <50,000	32,845	62%	2,733	57%	17,365	61%	18,213	61%
50,000 – <75,000	12,883	24%	1,370	29%	6,904	24%	7,349	25%
75,000 – <100,000	2,976	6%	252	5%	1,578	6%	1,650	6%
100,000+	779	2%	75	2%	407	1%	447	2%
Portion of zipcode below poverty line ‡
0 – <15	16,979	32%	1,768	37%	9,085	32%	9,662	32%
15 – <25	18,930	35%	1,640	34%	10,109	36%	10,461	35%
25 +	17,540	33%	1,396	29%	9,174	32%	9,762	33%
Portion of zipcode unemployed (%) ‡
0 – <5	13,946	26%	1,528	32%	7,489	26%	7,985	27%
5 – <10	33,894	63%	2,917	60%	17,974	63%	18,837	63%
10 – <15	5,343	10%	314	7%	2,761	10%	2,896	10%
15 +	420	1%	71	2%	236	1%	255	1%
Portion of zipcode without high school diploma ‡
0 – 15	22,282	42%	2,579	53%	12,085	43%	12,776	43%
15 – 30	24,137	45%	1,877	39%	12,657	45%	13,357	45%
30 +	7,184	13%	374	8%	3,718	13%	3,840	13%
Median rent of zipcode ($) ‡
0 – <750	22,265	42%	1,957	41%	11,765	42%	12,457	42%
750 – <1000	19,667	37%	1,893	40%	10,539	37%	11,021	37%
1000 – <1250	7,361	14%	662	14%	3,894	14%	4,129	14%
1250 +	3,991	8%	279	6%	2,097	7%	2,173	7%
Urban (versus Rural) ‡	44,915	84%	4,286	89%	23,966	84%	25,235	84%
Temporal
Year of Dialysis Start ‡
2005	3,032	6%	190	4%	1,547	5%	1,675	6%
2006	5,744	11%	373	8%	2,995	11%	3,122	10%
2007	5,803	11%	374	8%	3,043	11%	3,134	10%
2008	5,860	11%	407	8%	3,064	11%	3,203	11%
2009	6,098	11%	453	9%	3,219	11%	3,332	11%
2010	6,101	11%	526	11%	3,241	11%	3,386	11%
2011	5,900	11%	653	14%	3,191	11%	3,362	11%
2012	5,221	10%	587	12%	2,789	10%	3,019	10%
2013	5,607	10%	711	15%	3,027	11%	3,291	11%
2014	4,334	8%	565	12%	2,397	8%	2,502	8%

Notes:

Abbreviations: ESKD = end-stage kidney disease, HD = hemodialysis, PD = peritoneal dialysis p-values computed using Pearson’s chi-square test

^*PD versus HD: p < 0.05

^†PD versus HD: p < 0.01

^‡PD versus HD: p < 0.001

^§1st half versus 2nd half: p < 0.05

^∥1st half versus 2nd half: p < 0.01

^¶1st half versus 2nd half: p < 0.001