Table 1. Experimental Design.

22 individuals with chronic pain currently taking prescription opiates were randomized to receive rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or the left motor cortex (MC) for 10 daily sessions (10Hz, 3000 pulses/session, 5 seconds on/15 seconds off; 110% resting motor threshold @ DLPFC or 90% resting motor threshold at MC. The amplitude was higher at the DLPFC to adjust for greater scalp to cortex distance. Quantitative sensory testing (Medoc, Inc) was collected at visits 1, 6, 10 and the follow up visits 11 (1 day) and 12 (1 week). Subjective pain and opiate craving assessments and opiate use inventories were collected daily. All assessments were administered prior to rTMS treatments.

		rTMS Treatment: LDLPFC or MC [10Hz, 3000 pulses/session]										Follow Up
Visit	*	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Participants enrolled	28	22	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20
Consent & Screening	x
rTMS		x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Sensory testing		x					x				x	x	x
Pain & Opiate assessment		x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x

^*In-person Consent & Screening