Table 4.
Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for overall survival in EAC, ESCC, and GAC patients
| Characteristics | EAC (n = 3077) |
ESCC (n = 794) |
GAC (n = 1836) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Men | Referent | .90b | Referent | .46c | Referent | .64d | ||||||
| Women | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.12) | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.12) | 0.97 (0.86 to 1.10) | |||||||||
| Systemic treatment | 0.32 (0.27 to 0.38) | <.001 | 0.41 (0.31 to 0.53) | <.001 | 0.39 (0.33 to 0.46) | <.001 | ||||||
| Gendera systemic treatment | 0.96 (0.79 to 1.16) | .66 | 0.88 (0.64 to 1.22) | .44 | 0.96 (0.79 to 1.18) | .73 | ||||||
| Age | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) | .03 | 0.99 (0.99 to 1.00) | .11 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | .25 | ||||||
| Performance status | ||||||||||||
| 0-1 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||||||
| ≥2 | 1.66 (1.49 to 1.85) | 1.79 (1.46 to 2.19) | <.001 | 1.37 (1.19 to 1.57) | <.001 | |||||||
| Unknown | 1.62 (1.49 to 1.77) | <.001 | 1.64 (1.38 to 1.96) | <.001 | 1.51 (1.35 to 1.68) | <.001 | ||||||
| No. of comorbidities | ||||||||||||
| 0 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||||||
| 1 | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.22) | .02 | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.26) | .49 | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.23) | .12 | ||||||
| ≥2 | 0.90 (0.81 to 1.01) | .06 | 1.07 (0.87 to 1.31) | .53 | 1.05 (0.91 to 1.21) | .52 | ||||||
| Unknown | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.13) | .56 | 1.22 (0.85 to 1.75) | .29 | 0.93 (0.75 to 1.15) | .48 | ||||||
| Lauren classification | ||||||||||||
| Intestinal | Referent | — | Referent | |||||||||
| Diffuse | 1.38 (1.24 to 1.55) | <.001 | — | — | 1.29 (1.13 to 1.46) | <.001 | ||||||
| Mixed | 1.65 (1.26 to 2.16) | <.001 | — | — | 1.05 (0.80 to 1.37) | .74 | ||||||
| Indeterminate | 1.03 (0.82 to 1.30) | .80 | — | — | 0.82 (0.51 to 1.30) | .40 | ||||||
| Unknown | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.18) | .05 | — | — | 1.28 (1.13 to 1.45) | <.001 | ||||||
| HER2 status | ||||||||||||
| Negative | Referent | — | Referent | |||||||||
| Positive | 0.75 (0.67 to 0.84) | <.001 | — | — | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.16) | .70 | ||||||
| Unknown | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.26) | <.001 | — | — | 1.13 (1.01 to 1.27) | .04 | ||||||
| Stage | ||||||||||||
| cT4bM0 | 1.05 (0.73 to 1.51) | .79 | 1.28 (0.98 to 1.66) | .07 | 0.67 (0.53 to 0.85) | .001 | ||||||
| cM1 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||||||
| Hospital volumea | ||||||||||||
| Q1 | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.29) | .04 | 1.05 (0.80 to 1.39) | .74 | 1.35 (1.14 to 1.59) | <.001 | ||||||
| Q2 | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.20) | .13 | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.21) | .84 | 1.45 (1.27 to 1.65) | <.001 | ||||||
| Q3 | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.21) | .03 | 0.98 (0.82 to 1.18) | .85 | 1.34 (1.19 to 1.51) | <.001 | ||||||
| Q4 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||||||
| Extraregional lymph node metastases | 1.27 (1.17 to 1.37) | <.001 | 1.08 (0.90 to 1.29) | .39 | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.33) | .005 | ||||||
| Liver metastases | 1.77 (1.63 to 1.92) | <.001 | 1.88 (1.56 to 2.28) | <.001 | 1.42 (1.26 to 1.60) | <.001 | ||||||
| Peritoneal metastases | 1.85 (1.64 to 2.10) | <.001 | 2.18 (1.39 to 3.42) | <.001 | 1.32 (1.17 to 1.48) | <.001 | ||||||
| Lung metastases | 1.22 (1.12 to 1.33) | <.001 | 1.25 (1.04 to 1.50) | .02 | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.27) | .27 | ||||||
| Bone metastases | 1.42 (1.29 to 1.56) | <.001 | 1.28 (1.03 to 1.59) | .03 | 2.06 (1.71 to 2.49) | <.001 | ||||||
| Other metastases locations | 1.33 (1.19 to 1.47) | <.001 | 1.41 (1.11 to 1.81) | .006 | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.33) | .005 | ||||||
Volume of hospital of diagnosis. Per hospital, the volume of gastroesophageal cancer patients that was diagnosed with gastroesophageal cancer between 2015 and 2018 was calculated. Subsequently, hospitals were categorized into quartiles (Q1-4) according to these volumes, which resulted in hospitals in which less than 25 (Q1), 25-61 (Q2), 61-140 (Q3), and greater than 140 (Q4) patients were diagnosed in 2015-2018. CI = confidence interval; cM1 = metastatic; EAC = esophageal adenocarcinoma; ESCC = esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; GAC = gastric adenocarcinoma; HR = hazard ratio.
Likelihood-ratio tests comparing the full model and the full model without gender and the interaction between gender and systemic treatment: EAC: χ2 = 0.24, 2-sided P = .89.
Likelihood-ratio tests comparing the full model and the full model without gender and the interaction between gender and systemic treatment: ESCC: χ2 = 0.72, 2-sided P = .70.
Likelihood-ratio tests comparing the full model and the full model without gender and the interaction between gender and systemic treatment: GAC: χ2 = 0.23, 2-sided P = .89.