Table 2. The seroprevalence and seroconversion in global prenatal screening. Notes: Seropositive women were defined by the presence of specific anti-Toxoplasma IgG in the serum. Seroconversion is defined by the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM with IgA and /low IgG avidity antibodies.
| Autors/Year | Design | Start /Expiry | N | Country | Toxoplasmosis Screening | Seropre-valence | Seroco-nversion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. De Paschale (2010) (35) |
Retrospective study | 2006-2008 | 4.694 pregnant women of Northern Italy |
Italy | 5–7serological screenings (IgG, IgM) at intervals of 30–40 days during pregnancy | 20.7% | 1.8% |
| 2. Prusa A, (2017) (36) | Retrospective study | 1992-2008 | 1.387.680 Pregnant women and their infants |
Austria | mandatory prenatal screening (IgG, IgM, PCR) is performed on a bimonthly schedule, at 8, 16, 24, and 32weeks of gestation | 34.4% | – |
| 3. Lange E (2016) (37) | Cohort study | 2002-2008 | 5.402 Pregnant women |
Germany | German state health insurance does not cover toxoplasmosis screening | 34.4% | 0.3% |
| 4. Antoniou M (2005) (38) | Cohort study | 1999-2003 | 5.532pregnant women and their infants | Greece | Serological prenatal screening (IgG, IgM or PCR) is performed in every trimester | 29.45% | 3.34% |
| 5. Robinson E (2021) (4) |
Cohort study | 2016 | 13.586 pregnant women |
France | Monthly screening | 31.3% | 0.31% |
| 6. Capretti M (2014) (39) |
Cohort study | 2009-2011 | 10.347 pregnant women | Italy | First screening in early pregnancy and then every 4-6 weeks with IgG, IgM | 22.3% | 0.77% |
| 7. Esquivel A (2016) (40) |
Cross-sectional study | 2014-2016 | 338 pregnant women | Mexico | Laboratory tests for the serological diagnosis of T. gondii infection are not available in many hospitals in Mexico. For the needs of this research, serum samples were tested for IgG, IgM antibodies | 6.2% | 4.8% |
| 8. Sert U, (2019) (41) |
Cohort study | 2008-2017 | 84.587 Pregnant women |
Turkey | A serologic test for Toxoplasma (IgG, IgM) is free of charge for all pregnant women as part of routine antenatal care at their first prenatal visit. | 22.3% | 0.64% |
| 9. Teweldemedhin M(2019) (42) |
Cross-sectional study | 2018 | 360 Pregnant women |
Ethiopia | Women were tested for IgG and IgM anti T.gondii specific antibodies. In women who were positive, a new sample was taken after 3 weeks | 32.5 | 3.1% |
| 10. Khurana S (2010) (43) |
Cross-sectional study | 2005-2006 | 300 Pregnant women |
India | Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG, IgM, IgA anti and IgG avidity were assessed by ELISA. 2 samples were taken at least 3 weeks (one in each trimester). |
15.33% | 3% |
| 11. Sakikawa M (2012) (44) |
Cross-sectional study | 1997-2004 | 4.466 Pregnant women |
Japan | The antibodies were measured with latex agglutination (LA) microtiters, during the first, the second and the third trimester. The mean interval between antibody measurement in early and late pregnancy was 16.2 weeks. |
10.3% | 0.25% |