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. 2021 Nov 3;71:102095. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102095

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

The Proposed Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides on T-Cell function. Macrolide antibiotics (MA) directly influence T-cell function by attenuating cytokine secretion. Contradictory evidence (indicated by question marks) exists regarding the effect of macrolides on T-cell apoptosis, proliferation, and if, via DC attenuation, Macrolides can indirectly affect T-cell function.