Table 1.

Summary of the 32 Observational Studies Included in the Meta-analysis on the Association Between HIV Status of Tuberculosis Cases and Clinical Tuberculosis Outcomes in their Case Contacts

						Contacts of HIV-positive TB Cases		Contacts of HIV-negative TB Cases
First Author, Year of Publication	Yeara	Contactb	Country	Diagnosis	N Index	N Contacts	% Yield Outcome	N Contacts	% Yield Outcome
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Martinez, 2016	1995–2006	HHC	Uganda	TST, ≥10 mm	499	878	65.7	974	73.6
Alseda, 2003	1991–1997	All	Spain	TST, ≥5 mmc	437	199	31.7	1962	36.5
Aibana, 2016d	2009–2012	HHC	Peru	TST, ≥10 mme	4500	405	42.5	11 590	43.4
Kenyon, 2002	1997	HHC	Botswana	TST, ≥10 mm	51	174	13.2	29	17.2
Kifai, 2009	2007	HHC	Tanzania	TST, ≥10 mme	57	125	61.7	112	62.5
Suggaravetsiri, 2003	2000–2002	HHC	Thailand	TST, ≥10 mm	499	487	46.2	705	62.1
Lienhardt, 2002	1999–2001	HHC	Gambia	TST, ≥10 mm	315	83	71.1	1397	78.0
Gustafson, 2008	1999–2000	HHC	Guinea B.	TST, ≥10 mm	220	285	39.2	738	42.5
Naing, 2005	2000–2004	HHC	Malaysia	TST, ≥10 mm	215	84	33.3	320	51.9
Cailleaux-Cezar, 2009	2000–2002	All	Brazil	TST, ≥10 mmc	276	110	51.4	480	46.5
Kasambira, 2011	2006–2009	HHC	SA	TST, ≥5 mm	167	233	26.2	7	57.1
Godoy, 2013	2005–2006	All	Spain	TST, ≥5 mm	1079	198	33.3	5173	28.4
Biraro, 2014	2011–2012	HHC	Uganda	QFT, 0.35 IU/mL	101	56	51.8	207	67.6
Fatima, 2004	1997–1999	HHC	Brazil	TST, ≥10 mm	297	177	38.4	22	45.5
Reichler, 2003	1996	All	USA	TST, ≥5 mm	349	29	37.9	146	60.3
Pitchenik, 1987	1985–1986	HHC	USA	TST, NS	71	54	35.2	108	43.5
Cauthen, 1996	1985–1989	All	USA	TST, ≥5 mm	956	1095	31.2	2158	43.4
Espinal, 2000	1994–1995	HHC	Brazil	TST, ≥5 mm	174	252	60.7	551	75.9
Klausner, 1993	1989–1990	HHC	Zaire	TST, ≥10 mme	169	521	60.1	692	63.0
Elliott, 1993	1989	HHC	Zambia	TST, ≥5 mm	71	207	52.2	141	70.9
Nunn, 1994	1989–1990	HHC	Kenya	TST, ≥5 mm	82	80	61.3	223	58.3
Garcia Ordonez, 1999	1995–1997	HHC	Spain	TST, ≥5 mmc	249	152	20.4	516	48.8
Manoff, 1988	1988	All	USA	TST, NS	491	392	21.2	1703	30.4
Carvalho, 2001	1995–1997	All	Brazil	TST, ≥10 mm	86	104	26.9	256	35.2
Khan, 2017	2013–2015	HHC	Malawi	TST, ≥10 mm	150	132	22.0	170	44.1
Tuberculosis
Martinez, 2016	1995–2006	HHC	Uganda	Micro	499	878	4.0	974	4.3
Aibana, 2016d	2009–2012	HHC	Peru	Micro, Symp	4500	424	0.9	12 094	1.7
Suggaravetsiri, 2003	2000–2002	HHC	Thailand	Micro, CX	499	490	2.9	710	4.4
Cailleaux-Cezar, 2009	2000–2002	All	Brazil	Micro, CX	276	110	4.5	480	2.5
Rodrigo, 1997	1990–1993	All	Spain	Micro	1079	163	4.9	916	2.4
Pitchenik, 1987	1985–1986	HHC	USA	NS	71	54	1.9	108	0.9
Standaert, 1989	1985–1986	HHC	Burundi	Micro	NS	48	12.5	28	0.0
Klausner, 1993	1989–1990	HHC	Zaire	Micro, Sympf	174	521	3.1	692	4.0
Elliott, 1993	1989	HHC	Zambia	Micro, Symp	71	207	3.9	141	2.8
Nunn, 1994	1989–1990	HHC	Kenya	Micro, Symp	82	87	6.9	248	4.8
Garcia Ordonez, 1999	1995–1997	HHC	Spain	Micro, CX	249	152	1.3	516	5.0
Topley, 1996	1993–1994	HHC	Malawi	Sym, CX, TST	206	105	31.4	37	35.1
Cayla, 1993	1990–1991	NS	Spain	NS	136	225	8.0	216	3.2
HIV infection
Martinez, 2016	1995–2006	HHC	Uganda	ELISA	499	915	16.8	1018	4.6
Suggaravetsiri, 2003	2000–2002	HHC	Thailand	ELISA	499	376	13.8	514	2.5
Aibana, 2016d	2009–2016	HHC	Peru	NS	4500	419	2.4	11 959	0.3
Nunn, 1994	1989–1990	HHC	Kenya	NS	82	101	13.9	250	0.8
Elliott, 1993	1989	HHC	Zambia	ELISA	71	133	13.5	69	7.2
Carvalho, 2001	1995–1997	All	Brazil	ELISA and WB	86	75	10.7	179	1.7
Kifai, 2009	2007	HHC	Tanzania	ELISA	57	115	8.7	103	8.7
Baende, 1990	1989	HHC	Zaire	ELISA and WB	100	323	5.9	410	2.4
Hirsch-Moverman, 2015	2002–2006	All	USA, Can.	NS	651	184	23.4	806	2.7
Reichler, 2003	1996	All	USA	NS	29	30	53.0	147	2.1
Standaert, 1989	1985–1986	HHC	Burundi	ELISA	NS	48	8.3	28	7.1
Mutsvangwa, 2010	2002–2004	HHC	Zimbabwe	Det., Unigold	129	172	28.5	50	12.0

Abbreviations: Can., Canada; CC, community contact; CX, chest radiographical exam; Det., determine; DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo; Guinea B., Guinea–Bissau; HHC, household contact; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; Micro, microbiological testing; NS, not specified; QFT, QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube Test; SA, South Africa; Sym, symptom screening; TST, tuberculin skin test; WB, Western blot.

^a Year of implementation of the study. If dates are not given for the study implementation the study publication year is given.

^b All refers to studies that collected data on both household contacts and community contacts and grouped their results together. Only 1 study presented stratified results based on differing types of contacts.

^c In Alseda and colleagues (2010), for all contacts unvaccinated with the BCG the definition of a positive tuberculin skin test was ≥5 mm. For all BCG-vaccinated contacts, a positive test was defined as ≥15 mm. In Cailleaux-Cezar and colleagues (2009), for all contacts unvaccinated with the BCG, the definition of a positive tuberculin skin test was ≥10 mm. For all BCG-vaccinated contacts, a positive test was defined as ≥15 mm.

^d Aibana and colleagues (2016) is presented here rather than Huang and colleagues (2014), which is part of the same cohort. We present here the Aibana and colleagues study because study-level data on outcomes from contacts of HIV-positive and HIV-negative contacts were not extractable from the Huang and colleagues study. We used an online database of this Peruvian cohort and analyzed the specific outcomes (Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, active tuberculosis, HIV infection) among contacts of HIV-positive and HIV-negative index cases for the subsequent analysis.

^e For all HIV-negative participants the definition of a positive tuberculin skin test was ≥10 mm. For all HIV-positive contacts, a positive test was defined as ≥5 mm.

^f A portion of the contacts diagnosed with tuberculosis were confirmed with microbiological testing.