Table 5.
Effects of the Cholera Hospital-based Intervention for 7 Days (CHoBI7) Mobile Health Program on Household Stored Drinking Water Quality Assessed During Unannounced Spot Checks
| Study Arm | 1 Week (n = 486) | 1 Month (n = 375) | 3 Months (n = 438) | 6 Months (n = 441) | 9 Months (n = 418) | 12 Months (n = 483) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | |
| WHO high-risk category for water quality (≥100 CFU/100 mL Escherichia coli) | ||||||||||||
| Standard message | 51 | – | 50 | – | 60 | – | 45 | – | 47 | – | 52 | – |
| mHealth with no home visits | 27 | 0.37 (.23–.58) | 40 | 0.64 (.38–1.08) | 43 | 0.52 (.33–.83) | 43 | 0.91 (.57–1.46) | 38 | 0.71 (.44–1.16) | 40 | 0.63 (.40–.99) |
| mHealth with 2 home visits | 18 | 0.22 (.14–.37) | 32 | 0.43 (.25–.72) | 41 | 0.51 (.32–.82) | 43 | 0.90 (.57–1.42) | 39 | 0.76 (.47–1.23) | 40 | 0.64 (.41–.99) |
| mHealth with 2 home visits vs mHealth with no home visits | – | 0.61 (.36–1.04) | – | 0.66 (.40–1.11) | – | 0.98 (.61–1.57) | – | 0.91 (.62–1.56) | – | 1.07 (.66–1.73) | – | 1.02 (.66–1.58) |
| WHO safe water quality guideline (<1 CFU/100 mL E. coli) | ||||||||||||
| Standard message | 8 | – | 9 | – | 12 | – | 11 | – | 12 | – | 14 | – |
| mHealth with no home visits | 51 | 11.07 (5.91–20.76) | 21 | 2.68 (1.22–5.91) | 15 | 1.23 (.63–2.40) | 9 | 0.80 (.36–1.78) | 20 | 1.67 (.85–3.26) | 17 | 1.18 (.63–2.20) |
| mHealth with 2 home visits | 68 | 22.45 (11.82–42.64) | 31 | 4.95 (2.39–10.45) | 13 | 0.95 (.47–1.94) | 13 | 1.27 (.62–2.59) | 18 | 1.51 (.77–2.96) | 15 | 1.03 (.55–1.92) |
| mHealth with 2 home visits vs mHealth with no home visits | – | 2.03 (1.29–3.19) | – | 1.85 (1.04–3.29) | – | 0.78 (.39–1.53) | – | 1.59 (.74–3.39) | – | 0.90 (.50–1.65) | – | 0.87 (.48–1.57) |
Abbreviations: CFU, colony-forming units; CI, confidence interval; mHealth, mobile health; OR, odds ratio; WHO, World Health Organization.