Table 2.
Association of Male Sex With Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in the Retrospective Cohort Using Cox and Logistic Regression Models (N = 2894)
| Mortality, No. of Deaths/Total No. in Population (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total | Men | Women | Estimate | Unadjusted Effect Sizea (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted Effect Sizeb (95% CI) | P Value |
| All-cause mortality (n = 2667) | 544/2667 (20.4) | 427/1837 (23.2) | 117/830 (14.1) | HR | 1.75 (1.42–2.14) | <.001 | 1.53 (1.08–2.17) | .03 |
| Infection related mortality (n = 2667) | 303/2667 (11.4) | 231/1837 (12.6) | 72/830 (8.7) | HR | 1.52 (1.17–1.99) | .002 | 1.81 (1.11–2.93) | .009 |
| Sputum culture positivity at 2 mo (n = 1640) | 265 (16.2) | 203 (18.4) | 62 (11.6) | OR | 1.72 (1.27–2.34) | .003 | 1.67 (1.06–2.63) | .03 |
| Sputum smear AFB at 2 mo (n = 1640) | 118 (7.2) | 91 (8.3) | 27 (5.0) | OR | 1.70 (1.09–2.63) | .02 | 1.30 (.67–2.55) | .42 |
Abbreviations: AFB, acid-fast bacilli; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio.
aUnadjusted effect size obtained from the univariable model.
bAdjusted for body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alcoholism, smoking, and cavitary disease at baseline. The variables were selected because they differed significantly between male and female participants (see Table 1). The components of the CCI were not adjusted for separately.