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. 2021 Jun 8;73(9):1580–1588. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab527

Table 5.

Association of Male Sex With Sputum Smear and Sputum Culture Positivity Among Patients With Tuberculosis, Using Random Effects Meta-analysis

Unadjusted ORs Adjusted ORs
Outcome and Time of Assessment No. of studies Effect Size (95% CI) I 2 Statistic P Valuea No. of studies Effect Size (95% CI) I 2 Statistic P Valuea
Sputum culture for AFB
 All studies 13 1.60 (1.28–1.99) 24.6 4 1.81 (1.39–2.34) 0
 End of intensive phase 13 1.60 (1.28–1.99) 24.6 4 1.81 (1.39–2.34) 0
 End of treatment
Sputum smear for AFB
 All studies 29 1.40 (1.24–1.58) 21.06 .06 6 1.45 (1.31–1.61) 0 .48
 End of intensive phase 6 1.58 (1.41–1.77) 0 3 1.42 (1.26–1.60) 0
 End of treatment 22 1.23 (1.02–1.48) 28.27 3 1.51 (1.16–1.98) 26.06

Abbreviations: AFB, acid-fast bacilli; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

a P values pertain to the difference in the ORs for male patients between the subgroups (end of intensive phase and end of treatment).