Figure 4.

Dynamics of coiled coil alignments visualized by smFRET

(A) Design of the coiled coil smFRET sensor.

(B) Example smFRET traces of the coiled coil sensor.

(C) FRET distributions of the coiled coil sensor. Shown are means ± SD from 3 replicates, with exception of –ATP/+NIPBL (2 replicates). N, total number of molecules analyzed.

(D) FRET distributions of cohesin^R711Q and cohesin^EEEG. Shown are means ± SD from 3 replicates.

(E) HS-AFM recordings of wt cohesin and cohesin^EEEG. Heads (he), hinges (hi), and STAG1 (S) are indicated.

(F) ATPase rates of wt cohesin, cohesin^R711Q and cohesin^EEEG. Shown are means ± SD and values of individual replicates.

(G) Example stills of loop extrusion events by wt cohesin, cohesin^R711Q, and cohesin^EEEG. DNA was stained with Sytox Orange. Scale bar, 2 μm.

(H) Frequencies of loop extrusion events. Shown are means ± SD and values of individual replicates.

See also Figure S4.