TABLE 3.
Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for early nonadherent versus early adherent
| Characteristic | Main analysis | Exclude syncope/conversion | Time-varying | Exclude dual eligible subjects | Only 3 ASMs | Exclude SNF/NH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 24 873 | 18 982 | 24 873 | 9548 | 15 788 | 15 792 |
| Age, decades | .9 (.9–.9)a | .9 (.8–.9)a | .9 (.8–.9)a | .9 (.9–1.0) | .9 (.9–1.0)a | .9 (.9–1.0)a |
| Female | .9 (.8–1.0)a | 1.0 (.9–1.0) | 1.0 (.9–1.0) | .9 (.8–1.0)a | .8 (.8–.9)a | .9 (.8–1.0)a |
| Race | ||||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Black | 1.7 (1.5–1.8)b | 1.8 (1.6–2.0)b | 2.0 (1.8–2.2)b | 2.1 (1.7–2.6)b | 2.3 (2.1–2.6)b | 1.9 (1.7–2.1)b |
| Asian | 1.9 (1.4–2.5)b | 2.2 (1.6–3.0)b | 1.7 (1.3–2.3)b | 3.2 (1.4–7.4)b | 1.9 (1.4–2.6)b | 1.9 (1.4–2.6)b |
| Hispanic | 1.7 (1.4–2.0)b | 1.7 (1.4–2.1)b | 2.1 (1.7–2.5)b | 1.4 (.8–2.6) | 2.3 (1.8–3.0)b | 1.7 (1.4–2.1)b |
| NAN | 1.6 (1.1–2.3)b | 1.7 (1.1–2.5)b | 2.4 (1.6–3.7)b | 2.2 (.7–7.0) | 3.1 (1.8–5.4)b | 1.5 (.9–2.3) |
| Other | 1.6 (1.2–2.1)b | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2)b | 1.8 (1.1–2.9)b | 1.9 (1.4–2.8)b | 1.6 (1.2–2.3)b |
| Dual | ||||||
| None | Ref | Ref | — | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Partial | 1.1 (.8–1.5) | 1.3 (.9–1.8) | — | — | 1.3 (.9–2.0) | .9 (.6–1.3) |
| Full | .6 (.4–.8)a | .6 (.4–.8)a | — | — | .6 (.4–.9)a | .6 (.4–.8)a |
| Cost-sharing | ||||||
| None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Partial | .8 (.7–1.0) | .8 (.7–1.0) | 1.0 (.9–1.2) | .9 (.8–1.1) | 1.1 (.9–1.4) | .8 (.6–1.0)a |
| Full | .9 (.6–1.2) | .8 (.6–1.2) | .6 (.6–.7)a | .9 (.6–1.4) | .9 (.6–1.5) | 1.1 (.7–1.6) |
| Reason | ||||||
| Disability | 1.7 (1.4–2.2) | 1.0 (.8–1.1) | .9 (.8–1.0)a | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | .9 (.8–1.1) | 1.0 (.8–1.1) |
| ESRD | 1.1 (.9–1.2) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3)b | 1.9 (1.5–2.5)b | 1.8 (1.0–3.5) | 1.7 (1.3–2.4)b | 1.6 (1.2–2.1)b |
| Region | ||||||
| NE | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| MW | 1.1 (.9–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | .9 (.8–1.1) | 1.1 (.9–1.2) | 1.0 (.9–1.2) |
| S | 1.2 (1.1–1.4)b | 1.2 (1.1–1.4)b | 1.5 (1.4–1.6)b | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)b | 1.4 (1.2–1.6)b | 1.2 (1.0–1.3)b |
| W | 1.3 (1.2–1.5)b | 1.4 (1.2–1.6)b | 1.4 (1.3–1.6)b | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7)b | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)b |
| O | 1.3 (1.1–1.6)b | 1.6 (1.3–2.0)b | 1.6 (1.3–1.9)b | 1.6 (1.2–2.1)b | 1.3 (1.0–1.7)b | 1.7 (1.3–2.1)b |
| Rural | .9 (.8–1.0)a | .9 (.8–1.0)a | .9 (.8–1.0)a | .8 (.7–.9)a | .9 (.8–1.0)a | .9 (.8–1.0)a |
| Neurologist visit | .6 (.6–.7)a | .6 (.6–.7)a | .7 (.6–.7)a | .7 (.6–.7)a | .8 (.7–.8)a | .6 (.5–.6)a |
| Older generation ASM | .6 (.6–.7)a | .6 (.6–.7)a | .6 (.6–.7)a | .7 (.6–.8)a | .7 (.7–.8)a | .6 (.5–.7)a |
| Daily | 1.1 (1.0–1.3)b | 1.2 (1.0–1.3)b | 1.0 (.9–1.1) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4)b | .7 (.6–.8)a | 1.1 (.9–1.2) |
| Unique medications, n | ||||||
| 1–5 | Ref | Ref | — | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 6–10 | .9 (.8–1.1) | 1.0 (.8–1.1) | — | 1.0 (.8–1.2) | .9 (.8–1.0) | 1.0 (.9–1.2) |
| 11–15 | 1.0 (.9–1.1) | .9 (.8–1.1) | — | 1.1 (.9–1.4) | .9 (.8–1.1) | 1.1 (.9–1.2) |
| 16+ | 1.0 (.9–1.1) | 1.0 (.9–1.2) | — | 1.3 (1.1–1.6)b | .9 (.8–1.1) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3)b |
| Per $100 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0)a | 1.0 (1.0–1.0)a | 1.0 (1.0–1.0)a | 1.0 (1.0–1.0)a | 1.0 (1.0–1.0)a | 1.0 (1.0–1.0)a |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | — | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1–2 | 1.0 (.9–1.1) | 1.0 (.9–1.1) | — | .9 (.8–1.1) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3)b | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
| 3–6 | .9 (.8–1.0) | .9 (.8–1.0) | — | 1.0 (.8–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4)b | 1.0 (.9–1.2) |
| 7+ | .9 (.8–1.1) | .9 (.7–1.0) | — | 1.0 (.8–1.3) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0)b | 1.0 (.8–1.2) |
| Characteristic | Subsequent ICD code |
|---|---|
| n | 20 854 |
| Decades | 1.0 (.9–1.0)a |
| Female | .9 (.8–1.0)a |
| Race | |
| White | Ref |
| Black | 1.5 (1.3–1.7)b |
| Asian | 1.8 (1.3–2.6)b |
| Hispanic | 1.5 (1.2–2.0)b |
| NAN | 1.3 (.8–2.2) |
| Other | 1.5 (1.1–2.2)b |
| Dual | |
| None | Ref |
| Partial | 1.2 (.8–1.9) |
| Full | .7 (.4–1.1) |
| Cost-sharing | |
| None | Ref |
| Partial | .9 (.7–1.1) |
| Full | .8 (.5–1.2) |
| Reason | |
| Disability | 1.1 (.9–1.3) |
| ESRD | 1.9 (1.4–2.6)b |
| Region | |
| NE | Ref |
| MW | 1.0 (.8–1.1) |
| S | 1.1 (1.0–1.3)b |
| W | 1.2 (1.1–1.5)b |
| O | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) |
| Rural | .9 (.8–1.0) |
| Neurologist visit | .7 (.6–.8)a |
| Older generation ASM | .7 (.6–.8)a |
| Daily | 1.2 (1.0–1.3)b |
| Unique medications, n | |
| 1–5 | Ref |
| 6–10 | .9 (.8–1.1) |
| 11–15 | .9 (.8–1.1) |
| 16+ | .9 (.8–1.1) |
| Per $100 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0)a |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | |
| 0 | Ref |
| 1–2 | 1.0 (.9–1.1) |
| 3–6 | 1.0 (.8–1.1) |
| 7+ | 1.0 (.8–1.2) |
Note:: Values without footnotes are nonsignificant.
Abbreviations: ASM, antiseizure medication; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; MW, Midwest; NAN, North American Native; NE, Northeast; NH, nursing home; O, other; Ref, reference; S, South; SNF, skilled nursing facility; W, West.
a
<1.
b
>1.