Table 1.

Implementation Model Aims, Definitions, Equity Considerations and Examples to Guide Brief Intervention (BI) Implementation (Adapted from Nilsen, 2015)

Overarching Aim	Type of Model	Definition	Equity Considerations	Examples
Describing/Guiding the process of translating research to practice	Process models	Models specify the phases of taking a BI from research to practice. They can identify and guide the specific steps needed to translate a BI into practice	Models can specify the key phases or steps needed to translate a BI into practice with health disparity populations	• Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS; Moullin et al., 2019) • Transcreation Framework for Community-Engaged Behavioral Interventions to Reduce Health Disparities (Nápoles & Stewart, 2018)
Understanding what influences implementation outcomes	Determinant frameworks	Frameworks describe influences (e.g., barriers and facilitators) on BI implementation and relationship among these influential factors	Social determinants of health and health inequities can be considered key influences on implementation	• Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR; Damschroder et al., 2009) • Health Equity Implementation Framework (Woodward et al., 2019)
	Classic theories	Theories derived from fields outside of implementation science (e.g. psychology, organizational theory) to explain the process of BI implementation	Theories from other disciplines can explain the process of BI implementation with health disparity populations	• Theory of Diffusion of Innovations (Rogers, 2003)
	Implementation theories	Theories derived specifically by implementation scientists to explain the process of BI implementation	Theories can be derived specifically to explain the process of equitable BI implementation	• Organizational Readiness (Weiner, 2009)
Evaluating implementation	Evaluation frameworks	Frameworks specify elements of the BI implementation effort that can be measured to determine implementation success	Evaluation frameworks can measure the effects of implementation on indicators of health equity	• Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption Implementation, & Maintenance (RE-AIM; Glasgow et al., 1999) • Extension of RE-AIM to Advance Equitable Sustainment (Shelton et al., 2020)