Table 1.
Main characteristics of the study population at baseline.
| Variable | SVD (n = 60) | LS (n = 20) | VaP (n = 20) | VaD (n = 20) | CG (n = 20) | p # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (y)* | 72.6 (±6.9) | 71.7(±7.7) | 73.8 (±6.2) | 72.2 (±6.8) | 71.9 (±3.2) | 0.7 |
| Female gender (%)* | 30 (50) | 10 (50) | 10 (50) | 10 (50) | 10 (50) | 1 |
| Vascular risk factors | ||||||
| Hypertension (%)* | 54 (89) | 18 (90) | 18 (90) | 18 (90) | 18 (90) | 1 |
| Diabetes (%)* | 30 (50) | 10 (50) | 10 (50) | 10 (50) | 10 (50) | 1 |
| CAD (%) | 22 (37) | 8 (40) | 7 (35) | 7 (35) | 7 (35) | 0.2 |
| Current smoking (%) | 22 (37) | 7 (35) | 6 (30) | 9 (45) | 8 (40) | 0.5 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 45 (75) | 15 (75) | 16 (80) | 14 (70) | 15 (75) | 0.8 |
| CKD (%) | 8 (13) | 2 (10) | 2 (10) | 4 (20) | 3 (15) | 0.3 |
| PS (%) | 28 (46) | 10 (50) | 10 (50) | 8 (40) | 8 (40) | 0.8 |
| Obesity (BMI>30) | 17 (28) | 6 (30) | 6 (30) | 5 (25) | 6 (30) | 0.8 |
| Examination findings | ||||||
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 14.4 ± 6.1 | 13.2 ± 3.7 | 18.1 ± 8.3 | 12.03 ± 3.5 | 13.1 ± 2.7 | 0.01 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.55 ± 0.9 | 0.56 ± 1.02 | 0.64 ± 0.9 | 0.46 ± 0.8 | 0.16 ± 0.17 | 0.2 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.4 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 0.05 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 78.8 ± 24.1 | 77.1 ± 29 | 72.3 ± 22.8 | 87 ± 17.2 | 95 ± 16 | 0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.2 ± 1.03 | 6.3 ± 1.2 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 6.3 ± 1.2 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 0.26 |
| FG (mg/dL) | 120.1 ± 43.2 | 128.8 ± 48.6 | 112.8 ± 32.3 | 120.6 ± 47.2 | 106.3 ± 18.7 | 0.21 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 108.4 ± 37.8 | 97.1 ± 35.5 | 110.6 ± 36.6 | 116.5 ± 40.4 | 122.8 ± 41.8 | 0.22 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 52.2 ± 17 | 46.7 ± 10 | 55.2 ± 16.9 | 54.1 ± 22.5 | 60.9 ± 19.3 | 0.12 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 124.5 ± 57.9 | 125.6 ± 60.1 | 132.1 ± 64.2 | 115.5 ± 50 | 115.1 ± 39 | 0.7 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 185.2 ± 48.1 | 166.8 ± 39.5 | 194.4 ± 54.7 | 193.4 ± 54.7 | 198.7 ± 31.7 | 0.1 |
| BMI | 26.4 ± 5.6 | 27.7 ± 7.6 | 25.1 ± 4 | 26.3 ± 4.5 | 27.8 ± 3.8 | 0.3 |
| MRI examination | ||||||
| SVD score (mean ± SD) | 2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 0 | <0.01 |
| Fazekas pWMLs (mean ± SD) | 1.45 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0 | <0.01 |
| Fazekas dWMLs (mean ± SD) | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0 | <0.01 |
| Vascular treatment | ||||||
| Statin treatment (%) | 45 (75) | 15 (75) | 16 (80) | 14 (70) | 15 (75) | 0.8 |
| ACEI (%) | 15 (25) | 6 (30) | 4 (20) | 5 (25) | 7 (35) | 0.6 |
| Beta blocker (%) | 22 (37) | 8 (40) | 7 (35) | 7 (35) | 7 (35) | 0.2 |
| ARB (%) | 19 (32) | 6 (30) | 7 (35) | 6 (30) | 7 (35) | 0.4 |
| Calcium channel blocker (%) | 23 (38) | 9 (40) | 7 (35) | 7 (35) | 7 (35) | 0.4 |
| Diuretics (%) | 12 (20) | 4 (20) | 3 (15) | 5 (25) | 4 (20) | 0.2 |
Values represent the means (±SD) for continuously distributed data or the numbers (%) for categorical data.
*
Matched factors;
#
ANOVA and χ2 difference between the groups p <0.05 compared with CG according to Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test.
SVD, cerebral small vessel disease; LS, lacunar stroke; VaD, vascular dementia; VaP, vascular parkinsonism; CG, control group; CAD, coronary artery disease; BMI, body mass index; FG, fasting glucose; PS, polymetabolic syndrome; CKD, chronic kidney disease; IMT, intima-media thickness; ACEI, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers.