Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of the total group and comparison of the subgroups with and without history of SE
| All patients | Subgroup without history of SE (n = 164) | Subgroup with history of SE (n = 87) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| History of SE (n, %) | 87 (34.7) | |||
| History of > 1 episode of SE (n, %) | 48 (55.8) | |||
| Women (n, %) | 133 (53) | 78 (47.6) | 55 (63.2) | 0.02b |
| Age in years (median, IQR) | 36 (26–53) | 36 (26–55) | 37 (25–47) | 0.65a |
| Age at first seizure (median, IQR) | 16 (7–33) | 19 (10–35) | 11 (2–24) | < 0.001a |
| Time since epilepsy onset in years (median, IQR) | 18 (7–27) | 15 (6–25) | 21 (13–29) | 0.001a |
| History of febrile seizures (n, %) | 26 (10.7) | 19 (11.8) | 7 (8.6) | 0.45b |
| History of bilateral tonic clonic seizures (n, %) | 206 (82.1) | 131 (79.9) | 75 (86.2) | 0.21b |
| Number of present ASM (median, IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 1.5 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001a |
| Number of past ASM (median, IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 1 (0–3) | 3 (1–5) | < 0.001a |
| Seizure-free for > 1 year (n, %) | 106 (42.2) | 79 (48.2) | 27 (31.0) | 0.009b |
| Classification of epilepsy (n, %) | ||||
| Generalized epilepsy | 38 (15.1) | 29 (17.7) | 9 (10.3) | |
| Focal epilepsy | 186 (74.1) | 117 (71.3) | 69 (79.3) | |
| Generalized and focal | 11 (4.4) | 6 (3.7) | 5 (5.7) | |
| Unknown | 16 (6.4) | 12 (7.3) | 4 (4.6) | |
| Etiology of epilepsy (n, %) | ||||
| Genetic | 48 (19.1) | 30 (18.3) | 18 (20.7) | |
| Tumor | 23 (9.2) | 16 (9.8) | 7 (8.0) | |
| Vascular | 22 (8.8) | 13 (7.9) | 9 (10.3) | |
| Dysplasia | 20 (8.0) | 9 (5.5) | 11 (12.6) | |
| Hippocampal sclerosis | 15 (6.0) | 12 (7.3) | 3 (3.4) | |
| Autoimmune | 13 (5.2) | 10 (6.1) | 3 (3.4) | |
| Infectious | 10 (4.0) | 3 (1.8) | 7 (8.0) | |
| Traumatic | 7 (2.8) | 5 (3.0) | 2 (2.3) | |
| Other specific etiology | 6 (2.4) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (5.7) | |
| Unknown | 87 (34.7) | 65 (39.6) | 22 (25.3) | |
| Comorbidities (past and present) (n, %) | ||||
| Major depression | 83 (33.1) | 53 (32.3) | 30 (34.5) | 0.73b |
| Migraine | 53 (21.1) | 32 (19.5) | 21 (24.1) | 0.39b |
| Arterial hypertension | 48 (19.1) | 27 (16.5) | 21 (24.1) | 0.14b |
| Cognitive disability | 44 (17.5) | 23 (14.0) | 21 (24.1) | 0.045b |
| Intracranial neoplasm | 28 (11.2) | 17 (10.4) | 11 (12.6) | 0.59b |
| Pulmonary disease | 22 (8.8) | 12 (7.3) | 10 (11.5) | 0.27b |
| Ischemic stroke | 20 (8.0) | 13 (7.9) | 7 (8.0) | 0.97b |
| Extracranial neoplasm | 15 (6.0) | 11 (6.7) | 4 (4.6) | 0.50b |
| Substance abuse | 14 (5.6) | 7 (4.3) | 7 (8.0) | 0.22b |
| Psychogenic seizures | 12 (4.8) | 4 (2.4) | 8 (9.2) | 0.03c |
| Eating disorder | 10 (4.0) | 7 (4.3) | 3 (3.4) | 1.0c |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 10 (4.0) | 6 (3.7) | 4 (4.6) | 0.74c |
| Knowledge of SE (n, %) | 167 (66.5) | 98 (59.8) | 69 (79.3) | 0.001b |
| Knowledge of rescue medication (n, %) | 189 (75.3) | 114 (69.5) | 75 (86.2) | 0.004b |
| Information on SE desired at initial diagnosis (n, %) | 209 (85.3) | 132 (81.5) | 77 (92.8) | 0.02b |
| Information on SE received at initial diagnosis (n, %) | 31 (15.7) | 16 (12.2) | 15 (22.7) | 0.13b |
Some data were missing for individual patients, and percentages were calculated for patients with available data only
SE status epilepticus; IQR interquartile range
aMann–Whitney U
bPearson Chi-Square
cFisher’s exact test (2-sided)