Table 2.
Clinical data of first and last episodes of SE; data given as n (%) unless otherwise indicated
| n | First SE | n | Last SE for patients with > 1 SE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilateral tonic–clonic SE | 81 | 63 (77.8) | 44 | 20 (45.5) |
| SE as first seizure | 86 |
16 (18.6) 6.4% of total cohort |
||
| Time from seizure onset to first SE in years (median, IQR) | 87 | 6 (0–20) | ||
| Cause of SE | 74 | 39 | ||
| Fever/infection | 5 (6.8) | 2 (5.1) | ||
| ASM change | 4 (5.4) | 9 (23.1) | ||
| Sleep deprivation | 4 (5.4) | 1 (2.6) | ||
| Acute cerebral damage | 4 (5.4) | 0 | ||
| Substance withdrawal | 2 (2.7) | 1 (2.6) | ||
| Missed ASM intake | 1 (1.4) | 0 | ||
| Specific other cause | 3 (4.1) | 0 | ||
| No identifiable cause | 51 (68.9) | 26 (66.7) | ||
| Seizures in the last three months before the SE | 70 | 40 (57.1) | 36 | 30 (83.3) |
| Duration of SE | 76 | 42 | ||
| 5–29 min | 55 (72.4) | 28 (66.7) | ||
| 30–59 min | 3 (3.9) | 4 (9.5) | ||
| 60 min–24 h | 15 (19.7) | 8 (19.0) | ||
| > 24 h | 3 (3.9) | 2 (4.8) | ||
| Rescue medication administered by relatives | 77 | 15 (19.5) | 43 | 18 (41.9) |
| Rescue medication administered by medical personnel | 68 | 40 (58.8) | 39 | 16 (35.6) |
| General anaesthesia | 79 | 6 (7.6) | 44 | 1 (2.3) |
| Number of current ASM at onset of SE | 71 | 38 | ||
| 0 | 31 (43.7) | 3 (7.9) | ||
| 1 | 22 (31.0) | 12 (31.6) | ||
| 2 | 14 (19.7) | 10 (26.3) | ||
| 3 | 3 (4.2) | 8 (21.1) | ||
| 4 | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.6) | ||
| > 4 | 0 | 4 (10.5) | ||
| Modification of ASM regime because of SE | 71 | 54 (76.1) | 40 | 26 (65.0) |
SE status epilepticus; ASM anti-seizure medication; IQR, interquartile range