Table 3.
Logistic regression model for adverse events (N = 216).
| Variable | Medication errors | Pressure ulcers | Sepsis | Falls with injury | Urinary tract infections | Pneumonia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Nurse staffing level | 1.009 (1.002–1.017)* | 1.009 (1.001–1.017)* | 1.005 (0.998–1.011) | 1.003 (0.994–1.012) | 1.009 (1.001–1.017)* | 1.002 (0.995–1.010) |
| PES-NWI (Ref: better) | ||||||
| Mixed | 1.109 (0.397–3.102) | 0.945 (0.319–2.801) | 2.832 (0.874–9.180) | 1.617 (0.119–22.051) | 1.133 (0.219–5.874) | 1.714 (0.407–7.218) |
| Poor | 1.675 (0.662–4.239) | 9.748 (3.165–30.018)*** | 6.824 (2.365–19.685)*** | 12.729 (2.287–70.854)** | 3.803 (1.153–12.547)* | 4.042 (1.301–12.555)* |
| Education level (Ref: BSN or higher) | ||||||
| Diploma | 0.617 (0.310–1.230) | 3.746 (1.680–8.353)** | 1.594 (0.791–3.210) | 0.417 (0.154–1.129) | 1.260 (0.482–3.293) | 0.876 (0.359–2.140) |
This analysis controls for nursing home characteristics (location, ownership & number of beds) and nurses’ characteristics (age and work experience). The PES-NWI (Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Working Index) for a mixed work environment showed no statistically significant relationship with all independent variables. The number of medication errors and pressure ulcers, and sepsis frequency, were analyzed as binaries, with “Never” indicating (0) and “A few times a year or less ~ everyday” indicating (1). However, because the “Never” frequency of falls with injury, urinary tract infections and pneumonia was too small, the analysis was conducted as binaries, with “Never and a few times a year or less” indicating (0) and “Once a month or less ~ everyday” indicating (1).
OR Odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, Ref Reference, BSN Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.