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. 2021 Oct 20;12:739757. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739757

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Copyright © 2021 Agrawal, Salazar, Tran and Agrawal

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Enhanced induction of cytotoxic CD8 T cells in females than males in response to SARS-CoV-2. PBMCs stimulated with irradiated SARS-CoV-2 were cultured for 7 days. Cells collected were stained for CD8, perforin, and granzyme B. (A) Dot plot depicts the % of these cells obtained using flow cytometry. (B) Quantitation of cytokines/chemokines in the supernatant by multiplex. Lines connect the unstimulated and stimulated condition from the same subject. Mean ± SE. Females = 15; males = 15. p-value between the control and SARS-CoV-2-stimulated condition in males and females was calculated using Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test. Significance between males and females was calculated using unpaired t-test.