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. 2021 Oct 15;186:111341. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111341

Table 1.

Descriptives, reliabilities, and correlates of COVID-19 protective behaviors and willingness to be vaccinated.

Protective behaviors Vaccination M SD α
Dark Tetrad traits
Deviousness −0.02 −0.11 2.57 1.02 0.60
Scheming 0.02 −0.09 3.13 1.06 0.41
Leadership 0.04 0.02 2.79 1.15 0.75
Exceptionalism 0.01 −0.08 2.78 0.97 0.59
Defiance −0.06 0.05 2.46 0.91 0.32
Recklessness −0.14⁎⁎⁎ 0.03 1.50 0.77 0.65
Violent voyeurism −0.12⁎⁎ −0.09 1.45 0.88 0.73
Verbal abuse −0.05 −0.06 2.02 0.86 0.21



Risk-taking
Social risks 0.001 0.03 5.05 1.01 0.67
Ethical risks −0.16⁎⁎⁎ −0.03 1.93 0.84 0.59
Health/safety risks −0.27⁎⁎⁎ −0.15⁎⁎⁎ 2.52 1.11 0.66
Financial risks −0.05 −0.15⁎⁎⁎ 2.05 0.80 0.58
Recreational risks −0.12⁎⁎ −0.08 2.90 1.65 0.87

Note: rpb coefficient of correlation was used for the willingness to be vaccinated (0 = no or unsure, 1 = yes, applied or already vaccinated).

⁎⁎⁎

p < .001.

⁎⁎

p < .01.

p < .05.