Table 3.

Adjusted changes in the lipid levels according to change in vitamin D levels.

Lipid	Study cohorta	Model 1b		Model 2c
		Adjusted difference in the change in lipid levels (95% CI), mg/dLd	Adjusted P value	Adjusted difference in the change in lipid levels (95%CI), mg/dLd	Adjusted P value
TC
	1	11.83 (9.72–13.93)	< 0.001	11.30 (9.37–13.23)	< 0.001
	2	11.74 (9.76–13.72)	< 0.001	11.10 (9.25–12.95)	< 0.001
	3	10.30 (8.72–11.88)	< 0.001	9.53 (8.04–11.02)	< 0.001
LDL-C
	1	8.42 (6.63–10.20)	< 0.001	8.20 (6.55–9.85)	< 0.001
	2	8.21 (6.54–9.89)	< 0.001	8.03 (6.48–9.58)	< 0.001
	3	7.03 (5.69–8.37)	< 0.001	6.22 (4.95–7.49)	< 0.001
HDL-C
	1	− 0.54 (− 1.23 to 0.15)	0.12	− 0.53 (− 1.19 to 0.14)	0.12
	2	− 0.33 (− 0.73 to 0.55)	0.79	− 0.29 (− 0.85 to 0.27)	0.31
	3	0.22 (− 0.25 to 0.69)	0.36	0.48 (0.03–0.93)	0.04
TG
	1	27.88 (24.28–31.48)	< 0.001	24.83 (21.49–28.17)	< 0.001
	2	26.55 (23.09–30.03)	< 0.001	23.61 (20.63–26.60)	< 0.001
	3	21.87 (18.75–25.00)	< 0.001	18.95 (15.95–21.95)	< 0.001

TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation.

^aCohort 1: 2018 versus 2017; cohort 2: 2019 versus 2018; cohort 3: 2020 versus 2019.

^bAdjusted for age, sex, race, education, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking, geographical location, and vitamin D levels.

^cAdjusted for age, sex, race, education, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking, geographical location, vitamin D and baseline lipid levels.

^dDifference between the individuals whose vitamin D levels decreased by ≥ 10 ng/mL and the individuals whose vitamin D levels increased by ≥ 10 ng/mL.