Fig. 1. PPZ attenuated BDL-induced liver injury in rats.

a Gross morphology of representative rat livers from the sham, BDL‐NS, and BDL‐PPZ groups. b Liver pathological changes were detected by H&E staining (magnification × 400). c Blinded quantitative assessment of liver bile duct proliferation, inflammation, and necrosis. d Hepatic mRNA expression levels of Il-6, Il-1β, and Tnfα in rats from the sham, BDL‐NS, and BDL‐PPZ groups. e Western blot analysis and semi‐quantitation of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα levels in each group of rats. The data are presented as the mean ± SD, n = 6. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. the sham group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. the BDL‐NS group.