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. 2021 Aug 31;42(11):1808–1820. doi: 10.1038/s41401-021-00754-w

Fig. 2. PPZ significantly ameliorated liver fibrosis in BDL rats.

Fig. 2

a The degree of liver collagen accumulation was determined by Sirius red staining (magnification × 400). b Liver hydroxyproline levels were determined by a hydroxyproline assay kit. c The mRNA expression levels of Col1a1, Acta2, Tgfβ1, and Mmp-2 were analyzed by real-time PCR. d Western blot analysis and semi‐quantitation of COL1A1, α‐SMA, MMP-2, TGFβ1, P-Smad2/3, and Smad2/3 expression in the sham, BDL‐NS, and BDL‐PPZ groups. e Immunohistochemical analysis of α‐SMA expression in liver samples. For b−e, the data are presented as the mean ± SD, n = 6. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. the sham group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. the BDL‐NS group.