Table 5.

Summary of drugs showing favorable result in phase III clinical trials of systematic therapy.

Tested drug	N (subjects)	Treatment setting	Therapeutic scheme	Median OS	Median PFS	Year	Ref
Gem	126	Advanced pancreatic cancer	Gem vs 5-FU	5.56 months vs 4.41 months, P = 0.0025	–	1997	[223]
Erlotinib	569	Locally advanced or metastatic PDAC	Gem + erlotinib vs gem + placebo	6.24 months v 5.91 months, P = 0.038	3.75 months v 3.55 months, P = 0.004	2007	[218]
Capecitabine	533	Advanced pancreatic cancer	Capecitabine + gem vs gem	7.1 months vs 6.2 months, P = 0.08	5.3 months vs 3.8 months, P = 0.004	2009	[224]
Nab-paclitaxel + gem	861	Advanced pancreatic cancer	Nab-paclitaxel + gem vs gem	8.5 months vs 6.7 months, P < 0.0001	5.5 months vs 3.7 months, P < 0.0001	2013	[7]
FOLFIRINOX	342	Metastatic pancreatic cancer	FOLFIRINOX vs gem	11.1 months vs 6.8 months, P < 0.0001	6.4 months vs 3.3 months, P < 0.0001	2011	[6]
S-1	377	Resected pancreatic cancer	S-1 vs gem	46.5 months vs 25.5 months, P < 0.0001	22.9 months vs 11.9 months, P < 0.0001a	2016	[225]
mFOLFIRINOX	493	Resected pancreatic cancer	mFOLFIRINOX vs gem	54.4 months vs 35.0 months, P = 0.003	21.6 months vs 12.8 months, P < 0.001	2018	[226]
Olaparib	154	Germline BRCA-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer.	Olaparib vs placebo	18.9 months vs 18.1 months, P = 0.68	7.4 months vs. 3.8 months, P = 0.004	2019	[144]

^aThe relapse-free survival of S-1/gem in adjuvant therapy.