Table 2.
Characteristics of flow rate, anatomical parameters, and pressure drop over various coronary lesion segments to calculate the non-invasive FFRAM overall and by study group (ischemic group: FFR ≤ 0.8; non-ischemic group: FFR > 0.8).
| Parameter |
Overall (n = 169) |
FFR > 0.80 (n = 96) |
FFR ≤ 0.8 (n = 73) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| QCFD (ml/s) | 3.30 ± 1.97 | 3.27 ± 2.23 | 3.33 ± 1.67 | 0.855 |
| QAM (ml/s) | 3.38 ± 1.93 | 3.21 ± 2.17 | 3.55 ± 1.67 | 0.295 |
| Ap (mm2) | 6.80 ± 3.66 | 7.58 ± 3.79 | 6.03 ± 3.38 | 0.012 |
| As (mm2) | 3.80 ± 2.16 | 4.56 ± 2.41 | 3.05 ± 1.56 | <0.0001 |
| Ad (mm2) | 6.62 ± 3.22 | 7.35 ± 3.47 | 5.90 ± 2.79 | 0.008 |
| L (mm) | 10.77 ± 6.74 | 10.07 ± 5.97 | 11.46 ± 7.40 | 0.223 |
| Lps (mm) | 3.71 ± 3.24 | 3.64 ± 3.44 | 3.78 ± 3.06 | 0.800 |
| Lsd (mm) | 3.51 ± 2.79 | 3.31 ± 2.56 | 3.70 ± 3.01 | 0.420 |
| α (°) | 9.35 ± 9.16 | 7.15 ± 8.49 | 12.28 ± 9.25 | <0.0001 |
| β (°) | 10.06 ± 9.23 | 7.54 ± 8.07 | 13.39 ± 9.66 | <0.0001 |
| Pps (mmHg) | 3.37 ± 4.08 | 1.76 ± 2.71 | 4.95 ± 4.57 | <0.0001 |
| Psd (mmHg) | 7.10 ± 11.09 | 2.92 ± 4.63 | 11.23 ± 13.79 | <0.0001 |
| Pss (mmHg) | 1.03 ± 1.64 | 0.48 ± 0.60 | 1.59 ± 2.11 | <0.0001 |
QCFD, flow rate derived from computational fluid dynamics (CFD); QAM, flow rate estimated from analytical model (AM); Ap, lumen area at the proximal end of the coronary lesions; As, lumen area at the maximally stenosed segment; Ad, lumen area at the distal end of the coronary lesions; L, lesion length; Lps, length of the segment from the proximal end of the coronary lesion to the proximal end of the maximally stenosed segment; Lsd, length of the segment from the distal end of the maximally stenosed segment to the distal end of the coronary lesion; α, flow entrance angle at the distal end of the proximal contracting segment; β, flow exit angle at the proximal end of the distal expanding segment; Pps, pressure drop due to the contraction of the lumen area at the proximal contracting segment; Psd, pressure drop due to the expansion of lumen area at the distal expanding segment; Pss, pressure drop along the straight maximally stenosed segment.