Figure 5.

Savings by the projected VRFB operational capacity

The estimated lifetime savings for the projected operational capacity of VRFBs are shown for the curtailment (orange) and comparative assessment (green). The tabulated insets below the column chart are matched to the above columns and indicate (from top to bottom) the normalized savings in kg CO₂eq/MWh, the condition (baseline (BL), an increase in lifetime cycles (LTC), or an improvement in round trip efficiency (RTE)) – differentiated by shades of blue, and the projected operational power and storage capacity.