Table 1.
Region-specific embodied energy and carbon savings from steel sections
| China | ||||||||
| Yield strength (MPa) | Steel (MT) | Vanadium (MT) | EE | EC | Savings | China Carbon Savings | ||
| (×109 MJ) | (mMT CO2e) | EE | EC | (mMT CO2e) | % | |||
| 235 | 4,769,896 | 0 | 134 | 10.11 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00 | 0.00% |
| 350 | 4,480,387 | 1,568 | 127 | 9.55 | 5.47% | 5.56% | 0.56 | 0.006% |
| European Union (EU-28) | ||||||||
| Yield strength (MPa) | Steel (MT) | Vanadium (MT) | EE | EC | Savings | EU Carbon Savings | ||
| (×109 MJ) | (mMT CO2e) | EE | EC | (mMT CO2e) | % | |||
| 235 | 1,465,673 | 0 | 32 | 2.24 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00 | 0.00% |
| 350 | 1,376,714 | 482 | 30 | 2.12 | 5.28% | 5.36% | 0.12 | 0.004% |
| Rest of world (R.O.W.) | ||||||||
| Yield strength (MPa) | Steel (MT) | Vanadium (MT) | EE | EC | Savings | R.O.W. Carbon Savings | ||
| (×109 MJ) | (mMT CO2e) | EE | EC | (mMT CO2e) | % | |||
| 235 | 4,320,846 | 0 | 121 | 9.16 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00 | 0.00% |
| 350 | 4,058,591 | 1,421 | 115 | 8.65 | 5.47% | 5.56% | 0.51 | 0.002% |
| Global | ||||||||
| Yield strength (MPa) | Steel (MT) | Vanadium (MT) | EE | EC | Savings | Global Carbon Savings | ||
| (×109 MJ) | (mMT CO2e) | EE | EC | (mMT CO2e) | % | |||
| 235 | 10,556,415 | 0 | 286 | 21.43 | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00 | 0.00% |
| 350 | 9,915,692 | 3,470 | 271 | 20.24 | 5.44% | 5.53% | 1.18 | 0.003% |
Savings for China, EU-28, Rest-of-world (R.O.W.), and Global regions are shown. The steel column denotes the total steel as per available section steel market data or extrapolated using vanadium usage market data. The EE and EC columns indicate the net savings in embodied energy and carbon for vanadium-microalloyed 350 MPa sections relative to 235 MPa steel. The percentage carbon savings refer to the savings with respect to the regional fossil-fuel-related carbon emissions.