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. 2021 Oct 20;12:710513. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710513

Figure 2.

Figure 2

ESPs supplementation suppressed microglial activation and inflammation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of HF diet-induced obese mice. (A, B) Representative immunofluorescent staining and quantification of the ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1+) cells in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), cornu ammonis 3 (CA3), and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus (HIP) (n = 3, 2 images per mouse, scale bar 50 μm). The image captured from the box was marked with a solid line (scale bar 10 μm). (C, D) The mRNA expression levels of the cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) and proinflammatory cytokines, including the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the HIP (n = 6). (E, F) Immunofluorescent staining and quantification of Iba-1+ cells in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (n = 3, 2 images per mouse, scale bar 50 μm). (G, H) The mRNA expression levels of CD68 and proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the PFC (n = 6). The relative mRNA levels were normalized with reference gene (β-actin). (I, J) The protein expression levels of TNF-α in the HIP and PFC (n = 8). Values are represented as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Tukey-Kramer test.