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. 2021 Oct 20;12:710513. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710513

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Copyright © 2021 Wu, Zhu, Zhou, Lu, Feng, Dai, Liu, Xu, Cheng, Sun, Liu, Pan and Yang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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ESPs supplementation ameliorated synaptic impairment in the HIP and PFC of HF diet-induced obese mice. (A) Representative ultrastructure of synapses in the CA1 region of mice on the electron micrograph (scale bar 100 nm). (B–E) Image analysis of the length of active zone, thickness of postsynaptic density, width of the synaptic cleft, and the synaptic curvature (n = 3, 6 images per mouse). AZ, active zone; PSD, postsynaptic density; SC, synaptic cleft; SV, synaptic vesicle. (F–H) The protein expression levels of BDNF, SYN and PSD-95 in the HIP (n = 8). (I–K) The protein expression levels of BDNF, SYN and PSD-95 in the PFC (n = 8). Values are represented as mean ± SEM. ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01, ^*** P < 0.001. Tukey-Kramer test.