Skip to main content
. 2021 Oct 20;12:710513. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710513

Figure 4.

Figure 4

ESPs supplementation prevented mucosa barrier impairment and inflammation in the colon of HF diet-induced obese mice. (A) Representative images of the colon. (B) Statistical results of colonic length (n = 12). (C) Level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the serum. (D) Representative images of the Alcian blue-stained colonic sections (scale bar 50 μm), showing the mucus layer (arrows). Opposing black arrows with shafts delineate the mucus layer measured. (E) Quantification of the colonic mucus layer was statistically analyzed (n = 3, 2 images per section, 2 sections per mouse). (F) Representative immunofluorescence images of the colonic sections stained with the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) antibody and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). (G) Statistical results of ZO-1 positive cells/field (n = 3, 2 images per mouse, scale bar 50 μm). (H) Representative immunofluorescence images of the colonic sections stained with the F4/80 antibody and DAPI. (I) Statistical results of ZO-1 positive cells/field (n = 3, 2 images per mouse, scale bar 50 μm). (J, K) The mRNA expression levels of CD68 (J) and proinflammatory cytokines (K) in the colon of mice (n = 5-6). The relative mRNA levels were normalized with reference gene (β-actin). (L–O) The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum and colon (n = 6). Values are represented as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Tukey-Kramer test.