Table 1.

Criteria used for diagnosis definition. Mandatory criteria must be met for each diagnosis.

Definite PCP
-	Having at least three out of four clinical signs of pneumonia including fever, cough, dyspnea/tachypnea, and hypoxia
-	*Chest imaging was compatible with acute pneumonia.
-	**Identification of P. jirovecii in BAL specimens by ≥ 2 out of three microscopic-based methods including GMS stain, Giemsa stain, and IFA
Probable PCP
-	Having at least three out of four clinical signs of progressive pneumonia including fever, cough, dyspnea/tachypnea, and hypoxia
-	Either a chest imaging compatible with PCP (diffuse bilateral reticulonodular or granular infiltration), but with an absence of microscopic identification of P. jirovecii in BAL specimens or **identification of P. jirovecii in BAL specimens by only one microscopic-based method including GMS stain, Giemsa stain, and IFA
PCP excluded (colonization or negative)
-	No sign of pneumonia or having pneumonia from other pathogens besides PCP
-	A chest imaging was normal or incompatible with PCP.
-	Absence of microscopic identification of P. jirovecii in BAL specimens by GMS stain, Giemsa stain, and IFA
-	An alternative diagnosis was made.

PCP, Pneumocystis pneumonia; P. jirovecii, Pneumocystis jirovecii; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; GMS stain, Gomori methenamine silver stain; IFA, immunofluorescence antibody assay; and qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

^*Chest imaging in the definite PCP included bilateral reticulonodular infiltration (n=56, 83.6%), localized reticulonodular infiltration (n=5, 7.4%), bilateral interstitial infiltration and alveolar infiltration (n=2, 3%), bilateral alveolar infiltration (n=2, 3%), localized alveolar infiltration (n=1, 1.5%), and localized interstitial infiltration with multiple thick wall cavities (aspergilloma) and pleural effusion (n=1, 1.5%).

^**Presence of cystic form in BAL by GMS stain, presence of cystic and tropic forms in BAL by Giemsa stain or IFA.