Table 1.
Summary of findings for PICO 1. Monitored lifestyle-based interventions (exercise, dietary change, alcohol moderation, weight loss and smoking cessation), alone or in combination, compared to care as usual, for prevention of future cognitive decline or dementia.
| Certainty assessment | Number of patients | Effect | Quality of evidence | Importance | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other | Lifestyle interventions | Usual care | Relative (95% CI) | Absolute (95% CI) | ||
| Dementia | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Randomised trials | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Very serious | None | 11/85 (12.9%) | 17/91 (18.7%) | OR 0.65 (0.28 to 1.48) | 57 fewer per 1.000 (from 126 fewer to 67 more) | ⊕○○○ Ver low | Important |
| Cognitive decline (assessed with: various tools) | ||||||||||||
| 5 | Randomised trials | Not serious | Serious | Serious | Serious | None | The heterogeneity in interventions and outcomes precluded quantitative meta-analysis. None of the included studies found a significant effect of their lifestyle intervention on cognitive decline. | ⊕○○○ Very low | Important | |||
CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.