TABLE 3.
Comparisons of the bone type, number of reconstructed models, number of fluoroscopy images, methods of modeling (number of PCA if using SSM), absolute mean errors, RMSE, image synchronization, and the experiment type for 3D knee shape reconstruction between published studies and the current study.
| Bone | No. of models tested | No. of images | Method (No. of PCA) | Absolute mean error (mm) | RMSE (mm) | Fluoroscopy images | Experiment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fleute et al. Fleute and Lavallée (1999) | Distal femur | - | 2 | SSM (-) | - | 0.99–1.33 | synchronized | simulation |
| Laporte et al. Laporte et al. (2003) | Distal femur | 8 | 2 | NSCC (-) | - | 1.4 | synchronized | in vitro |
| Tang and Ellis. Tang and Ellis (2005) | Proximal/Distal femur | 2 | 3 | Statistical Atlas (9/7) | - | 1.72/1.95 | synchronized | simulation |
| Filippi et al. Filippi et al. (2008) | Full femur | 5 | 2 | FFD (-) | 1.4 | - | synchronized | simulation |
| Gamage et al. Gamage et al. (2009) | Full femur | 6 | 2 | Generic model (-) | 0.86 | - | synchronized | in vitro |
| Zhu and Li. Zhu and Li (2011) | Distal femur | 10 | 2 | SSM (-) | 0.9 | - | synchronized | in vitro |
| Baka et al. Baka et al. (2011) | Distal femur | 10 | 2 | SSM (30) | - | 1.68 | synchronized | in vitro |
| Karade et al. Karade and Ravi (2015) | Distal femur | 5 | 2 | LSD (-) | 1.2 | 1.4 | synchronized | in vitro |
| Tsai et al. Tsai et al. (2015) | Distal femur/Proximal tibia | 4 | 2 | SSM (20/30) | 0.67/0.45 | - | synchronized | in vitro |
| Yu et al. Yu et al. (2016) | Proximal femur | 10 | 2 | SSM (-) | 1.29 | - | synchronized | simulation |
| Valenti et al. Valenti et al. (2016a) | Distal femur | 40 | 6 | SSM (-) | 0.43–2.19 | - | synchronized | simulation |
| Valenti et al. Valenti et al. (2016b) | Distal femur | 1 | 6 | SSM (-) | Median errors: 3–4 mm | - | synchronized | simulation |
| van IJsseldijk et al. van IJsseldijk et al. (2016) | Distal femur/Proximal tibia | 6 | 1 | SSM (-) | - | 0.49–0.74 | single plane | in vivo |
| Cerveri et al. Cerveri et al. (2017) | distal femur | 6 | 2 | SSM (-) | - | 0.7–0.8 | - | simulation |
| Smoger et al. Smoger et al. (2017) | Patella | 40 | 10 | SSM (-) | 0.45 | - | synchronized | simulation |
| Yu et al. Yu et al. (2017) | Proximal femur | 20 | 2 | SSM (-) | 1.3 | - | synchronized | simulation |
| Zheng et al. Zheng and Yu (2017) | Femur | 10 | 2 | SSM (-) | 1.3 | - | synchronized | simulation |
| Fotsin et al. Fotsin et al. (2019) | Femur/Tibia/Fibula | 18 | 2 | SSM (-) | - | 0.72/0.99/0.82 | - | simulation |
| Cerveri et al. Cerveri et al. (2020) | Distal femur+ | 99 | - | SSM (-) | 1.28 | - | - | simulation |
| Proximal tibia | 5 | 1 | SSM (-) | - | single plane | in vivo | ||
| Wu et al. Wu and Mahfouz (2021) | Femur/Tibia | 1.19/1.15 | ||||||
| This study | Distal femur/Proximal tibia | 10 | 2 | SSM (20/20) | 0.61/0.68 | 0.81/0.83 | asynchronized | in vivo |
| 4 | 0.58/0.60 | 0.68/0.73 | ||||||
| 6 | 0.52/0.55 | 0.64/0.69 |