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. 2021 Oct 20;12:692431. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692431

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Copyright © 2021 He, Qu, Kwan Law, Qiu, Han, Ricardo de Seabra Rodrigues Dias, Liu, Zhang, Wu, Wu, Fai Mok, Cheng, He and Wai Wong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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AGEs induce autophagy via mTOR signaling in HASMCs. Dose-dependent study of AGEs-induced autophagy in HASMCs at AGEs concentrations from 0 to 100 mg/L with 24 h’ treatment. (A) Western blot analysis of mTOR and autophagy-related proteins (p62, beclin1, and LC3) in AGEs-treated HASMCs. (B) Immunofluorescence analysis of LC3-II puncta formation (red color represents LC3-II, blue represents DAPI; scale bar = 25 μm). Data are presented as the fold change compared with the control group. Each point represents the mean ± SD (n = 3/group); ^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01, ^*** p < 0.001.