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. 2021 Oct 20;12:692431. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692431

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Copyright © 2021 He, Qu, Kwan Law, Qiu, Han, Ricardo de Seabra Rodrigues Dias, Liu, Zhang, Wu, Wu, Fai Mok, Cheng, He and Wai Wong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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AGEs induce apoptosis in HASMCs. Dose-dependent study of AGEs-induced apoptosis in HASMCs at AGEs concentrations from 0 to 100 mg/L. (A) Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins (Bak, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9) in AGEs-treated HASMCs. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis in AGEs-treated HASMCs. Data are presented with mean percentages of Q2 and Q3 quadrant. Each bar represents the mean ± SD (n = 3/group); ^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01, ^*** p < 0.001.