Table 4. Effect of feeding strategies on animal performance of Hanwoo steers.
| Growth stage (months of age) | Item | Treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCF | TMRGSCF | TMRGEFSCF | TMRW | ||
| Growing period (7–14) | Days on feeding (d) | 203 | 203 | 203 | 203 |
| Total feed intake (kg) | 1,554±30.5a | 1,413±59.9b | 1,383±61.7b | 1,377±76.5b | |
| Concentrate (kg) | 995±0.6 | - | - | - | |
| TMR (kg) | - | 1,351±59.9 | 1,321±61.7 | 1,315±76.5 | |
| Tall fescue (kg) | - | - | - | - | |
| Timothy (kg) | 559±30.0 | 62±0.0 | 62±0.0 | 62±0.0 | |
| Daily feed intake (kg/d) | 7.66±0.15a | 6.96±0.29b | 6.81±0.30b | 6.78±0.38b | |
| Initial body weight (kg) | 228±5.2 | 229±3.6 | 229±2.3 | 229±4.6 | |
| Final body weight (kg) | 394±10.7 | 405±3.6 | 403±6.9 | 401±8.1 | |
| Body weight gain (kg) | 166±5.7 | 177±2.5 | 173±5.8 | 172±5.8 | |
| Daily gain (kg/d) | 0.82±0.03 | 0.87±0.02 | 0.85±0.03 | 0.84±0.03 | |
| Early fattening period (15–22) | Days on feeding (d) | 242 | 242 | 242 | 242 |
| Total feed intake (kg) | 2,026±176.7 | 2,116±85.3 | 2,187±91.7 | 2,175±68.8 | |
| Concentrate (kg) | 1,549±165.6 | 1,638±75.5 | - | - | |
| TMR (kg) | - | - | 2,187±91.7 | 2,175±68.8 | |
| Tall fescue (kg) | 477±23.0 | 478±10.4 | - | - | |
| Timothy (kg) | - | - | - | - | |
| Daily feed intake (kg/d) | 8.37±0.73 | 8.74±0.35 | 9.04±0.38 | 8.99±0.28 | |
| Initial body weight (kg) | 394±10.7 | 405±3.6 | 403±6.9 | 401±8.1 | |
| Final body weight (kg) | 573±23.1 | 582±11.5 | 564±3.1 | 543±14.1 | |
| Body weight gain (kg) | 180±20.1a | 177±13.1a | 161±7.0ab | 143±11.7b | |
| Daily gain (kg/d) | 0.74±0.10a | 0.73±0.05a | 0.66±0.03ab | 0.59±0.05b | |
| Late fattening period (23–30) | Days on feeding (d) | 259 | 259 | 259 | 259 |
| Total feed intake (kg) | 2,298±71.4 | 2,280±149.8 | 2,371±76.7 | 2,352±118.2 | |
| Concentrate (kg) | 1,981±71.4 | 1,963±149.8 | 2,054±76.7 | - | |
| TMR (kg) | - | - | - | 2,352±118.2 | |
| Tall fescue (kg) | 317±0.0 | 317±0.0 | 317±0.0 | - | |
| Timothy (kg) | - | - | - | - | |
| Daily feed intake (kg/d) | 8.87±0.28 | 8.80±0.58 | 9.15±0.30 | 9.08±0.46 | |
| Initial body weight (kg) | 573±23.1 | 582±11.5 | 564±3.1 | 543±14.1 | |
| Final body weight (kg) | 725±23.0a | 726±27.1a | 751±12.5a | 676±13.3b | |
| Body weight gain (kg) | 152±14.7b | 145±16.2b | 187±10.8a | 132±7.0b | |
| Daily gain (kg/d) | 0.59±0.06b | 0.56±0.07b | 0.72±0.04a | 0.51±0.03b | |
| Overall (7–30) | Days on feeding (d) | 704 | 704 | 704 | 704 |
| Total feed intake (kg) | 5,878±90.9 | 5,809±201.7 | 5,941±186.0 | 5,904±166.3 | |
| Concentrate (kg) | 4,526±101.7 | 3,601±224.0 | 2,054±76.7 | - | |
| TMR (kg) | - | 1,351±59.9 | 3,508±119.1 | 5,842±166.3 | |
| Tall fescue (kg) | 794±23.0 | 795±10.4 | 317±0.0 | - | |
| Timothy (kg) | 559±30.0 | 62.0±0.0 | 62.0±0.0 | 62.0±0.0 | |
| Initial body weight (kg) | 228±5.2 | 229±3.6 | 229±2.3 | 229±4.6 | |
| Final body weight (kg) | 725±23.0a | 726±27.1a | 751±12.5a | 676±13.3b | |
| Body weight gain (kg) | 497±18.8a | 498±26.1a | 520±14.6a | 447±17.6b | |
| Daily gain (kg/d) | 0.71±0.03a | 0.71±0.03a | 0.74±0.02a | 0.63±0.02b | |
| Feed / Gain (kg/kg) | 11.8±0.2b | 11.7±0.4b | 11.4±0.4b | 13.2±0.4a | |
a,b
Means in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05.
SCF, separate feeding of commercial concentrates and forage; TMRGSCF, feeding of TMR up to growing period and SCF from early up to the late fattening period; TMRGEFSCF, feeding of TMR from growing up to early fattening period and SCF up to the late fattening period; TMRW, feeding of TMR for the entire experimental period; TMR, total mixed ration.