Fig. 3. Taxonomic feature identification between the CON (control) and multispecies probiotic (MSP) groups using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses.

(a) Histogram showing the taxonomical features identified between the CON and MSP groups, and (b) cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships among taxonomical features identified between the CON and MSP groups. Significance was present at p < 0.05 for the LEfSe analyses for both Kruskal- Wallis and Wilcoxon tests, and the minimum linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score was set to 2.0.