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. 2021 Oct 20;12:758468. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758468

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Metabolic activation in hepatotoxicity of PAs, otonecine-type PA, heliotridine-type PA and retronecine-type PA are oxidized to dehydro PAs, then dehydro PAs are hydrolyzed to DHP, reactive metabolites can capture GSH, protein, DNA, forming GSH, protein, DNA adduct, respectively.