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. 2021 Oct 20;8:754254. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.754254

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Copyright © 2021 Salybekov, Salybekova, Sheng, Shinozaki, Yokoyama, Kobayashi and Asahara.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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RACev transplantation improved cardiac function. (A) Schematic of in vivo experiment design. (B–D) Representative echocardiographic images of the Control, MSCev, and RACev groups. (E,F) The RACev transplanted group showed preserved ejection fraction and fractional shortening at 4 weeks. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 vs. the Control group; ^##P < 0.01; ^###P < 0.001 vs. the MSCev group. Scale bar = 100 μm Statistical significance was determined using 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison post-hoc test. The results are presented as mean ± SEM. (n = 8–10 per group). EchoCG, echocardiography; EV, extracellular vesicles; M-IRI, myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury; Tx, transplantation; 500K is 5 x 10⁵ either RACs or MSCs-derived EVs.