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. 2021 Oct 20;12:693932. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693932

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Copyright © 2021 Zheng, Han, Kumar, Feyaerts, Van Dijck and Bossier

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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In vitro tests on the bacterial virulence factors of Vibrio campbellii treated with the selected essential oils at an optimized dose. (A) Biofilm formation of V. campbellii in marine broth. (B) Swimming motility of V. campbellii on soft LB₃₅ agar after 24 h of incubation at 28°C. (C) Gelatinase assay of V. campbellii on LB₃₅ agar supplemented with 0.5% gelatin after 48 h of incubation at 28°C. (D) Lipase assay of V. campbellii on LB₃₅ agar supplemented with 1% Tween 80 after 2–4 days of incubation at 28°C. (E) Phospholipase assay of V. campbellii on LB₃₅ agar supplemented with 1% egg yolk after 2–4 days of incubation at 28°C. (F) Hemolytic assay of V. campbellii on LB₃₅ agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood after 48 h of incubation at 28°C. Control: no EO added but consisted of 1% of DMSO. The error bars of the graphs represented standard error. Different letters indicated significant difference (P < 0.05).