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. 2021 Oct 20;9:748804. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.748804

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Characterization and trilineage differential potency of SMSCs from osteoarthritis (OA) keen synovium. (A) Surface marker expression of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs). Results showed negativity for hematopoietic marker (CD34) and macrophage marker (CD68) and showed positivity for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers like CD105 and CD90. (B) Multi-directional differentiation of SMSCs; chondrogenesis was accessed by safranin O staining (SO), osteogenesis was accessed by alizarin red S staining (ARS), and adipogenesis was accessed by Oil red O staining. (C) The EdU staining of SMSCs after the treatment of different concentrations of nocodazole (N) (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 nM) and docetaxel (D) (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 nM) in chondrogenic medium (CM) for 1 week. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) Quantification of the data of (C). n = 5. (E) The cell viability of SMSCs after the treatment of different concentrations of nocodazole (N) (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 nM) and docetaxel (D) (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 nM) in chondrogenic medium (CM) for 1 week. (F) Crystal violet staining of SMSCs after the treatment of different concentrations of nocodazole (N) (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 nM) and docetaxel (D) (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 nM) in chondrogenic medium (CM) for 1 week. Scale bar, 100 μm. (G) RT-qPCR analyses of SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN, RUNX2, COL1A1, and COL10A1 in SMSCs treated with nocodazole (N) and docetaxel (D) in chondrogenic medium (CM) for 1 week. 2.5 nM of docetaxel had significant effects on chondrogenesis in SMSCs. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.