Table 3.
Pre -to post-training comparisons for different outcome variables that were defined a-priori.
| Resistance training | Perturbation-based training | P -value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ||
| Step incidence (backward) | 0.79 ± 0.35 | 0.63 ± 0.41* −0.25 ± 0.38+ |
0.84 ± 0.36 | 0.34 ± 0.40** −0.50 ± 0.46 |
p < 0.001a p = 0.0175b |
|
Step incidence (forward) |
0.87 ± 0.28 | 0.71 ± 0.37−0.15 ± 0.33 | 0.93 ± 0.19 | 0.58 ± 0.35** −0.35 ± 0.33 |
p < 0.001a NS (p = 0.13)b |
| MVIKT (Nm/kg) | 1.85 ± 0.38 | 2.15 ± 0.38*** 0.30 ± 0.17+++ |
2.32 ± 0.54 | 2.27 ± 0.43−0.043 ± 0.24 |
p = 0.0044a p < 0.001b |
| NSAE (%) | 1.79 ± 0.46 | 1.66 ± 0.33−0.14 ± 0.33 | 1.72 ± 0.39 | 1.51 ± 0.40−0.21 ± 0.38 |
p = 0.0198 a NS (p = 0.61)b |
| SOT | 68.2 ± 9.63 | 73.2 ± 6.58* 5.00 ± 6.61 |
71.4 ± 6.79 | 76.1 ± 6.73** 4.64 ± 5.00 |
p < 0.001a NS (p = 0.87)b |
| Beam walking (%) | 30 ± 15 | 33 ± 202.4 ± 11 | 36 ± 13 | 42 ± 17** 6.0 ± 6.4 |
p = 0.021 a NS (p = 0.31)b |
| Δlstep (m)early stance (backward) |
0.062 ± 0.032 | 0.056 ± 0.039 | 0.065 ± 0.017 | 0.027 ± 0.037 | NS (p = 0.30a) NS (p = 0.86b) |
| Δlstep (m)early stance (forward) |
−0.12 ± 0.040 | −0.12 ± 0.024 | −0.13 ± 0.049 | −0.13 ± 0.035 | NS (p = 0.96a) NS (p = 0.97b) |
| Δlstep (m)late stance (backward) |
0.078 ± 0.030 | 0.061 ± 0.024 | 0.068 ± 0.029 | 0.070 ± 0.023 | NS (p = 0.30a) NS (p = 0.16b) |
| Δlstep (m)late stance (forward) |
−0.003 ± 0.057 | −0.015 ± 0.06 | −0.032 ± 0.045 | −0.005 ± 0.046 | NS (p = 0.59a) NS (p = 0.18b) |
All statistical model residuals were normally distributed, and so repeated-measures ANOVA and parametric tests were performed for the different outcome variables. Values are means ± SD. Where relevant the changes from pre- to post-assessment values are reported on the second line in the post-assessment column. p-values obtained by repeated-measures ANOVA with time as within-subject effect and training as between-subject effect.
Main time-effect (pre -to post-training).
Time*intervention interaction effect.
p < 0.001,
p < 0.005,
p < 0.05 significant difference within group from pre -to post-training. +++p < 0.001, +p < 0.05 significant difference in pre- to post-training changes between PBT and RT groups.