Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| ELBW+ | Overall p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELBW+ | ELBW– | p -value | SGA+ | SGA– | p -value | ||
| 191 (49%) | 199 (51%) | 52 (27%) | 139 (73%) | ||||
| Gender (% male) | 88 (46) | 120 (60) | 0.007* | 29 (56) | 59 (42) | 0.139 | 0.005* |
| Birth weight | 823 (125) | 1,243 (183) | <0.001* | 701 (102) | 867 (101) | <0.001* | <0.001* |
| Gestational age (days) | 27.6 [26.5, 28.8] | 28.7 [27.0, 29.3] | <0.001* | 28.4 [27.9, 29.3] | 27.3 [26.3, 28.4] | <0.001* | <0.001* |
| Gestational age <28 weeks | 106 (56) | 53 (27) | <0.001* | 15 (29) | 91 (66) | <0.001* | <0.001* |
| Caesarean section [N (%)] | 130 (68) | 77 (39) | <0.001* | 51 (98) | 79 (57) | <0.001* | <0.001* |
| Antenatal corticosteroids completed [N (%)] | 131 (69) | 107 (54) | 0.004* | 31 (60) | 100 (72) | 0.145 | 0.003* |
| Apgar 5 min | 8 [6, 9] | 8 [7, 9] | 0.007* | 8 [7, 9] | 8 [6, 9] | 0.062 | 0.005* |
| Inborn [N (%)] | 178 (93) | 178 (89) | 0.258 | 52 (100) | 126 (91) | 0.050 | 0.053 |
| Socio-economic status | 0.02 (0.78) | 0.11 (0.79) | 0.283 | −0.03 (0.89) | 0.04 (0.73) | 0.557 | 0.475 |
| Low parental education [N (%)] | 35 (18) | 25 (13) | 0.151 | 12 (23) | 23 (17) | 0.408 | 0.583 |
| Ventilation >12 h [N (%)] | 145 (76) | 115 (58) | <0.001* | 36 (69) | 109 (78) | 0.258 | <0.001* |
| Days ventilation | 5 [1, 12] | 2 [0, 5] | <0.001* | 4 [0, 10] | 5 [2, 12] | 0.229 | <0.001* |
| Surgically treated PDA [N (%)] | 16 (8.4) | 5 (2.5) | 0.019* | 2 (3.8) | 14 (10) | 0.276 | 0.009* |
| Severe brain injury | 10 (5.2) | 12 (6.0) | 0.904 | 2 (3.8) | 8 (5.8) | 0.871 | 0.829 |
| Laparotomy | 6 (3.1) | 2 (1.0) | 0.258 | 1 (1.9) | 5 (3.6) | 0.901 | 0.254 |
| Laser therapy for ROP | 7 (3.7) | 1 (0.5) | 0.065 | 4 (7.7) | 3 (2.2) | 0.168 | 0.005* |
| Days NICU | 44 [31, 57] | 25 [15, 38] | <0.001* | 44 [33, 56] | 45 [31, 57] | 0.749 | <0.001* |
Legend: N (%), mean (SD), or median [1st quartile, 3rd quartile]. The left part of the table shows baseline characteristics for ELBW+ vs. ELBW– children. The right part of the table shows the baseline characteristic for all ELBW+ children, separately for SGA+ and SGA– children. The rightmost column shows the p-value comparing baseline characteristics between the three groups ELBW–, ELBW+/SGA+, and ELBW+/SGA– children. ELBW, extremely low birth weight; SGA, small for gestational age; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.
*
Significant on a p-level of 0.05.