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. 2021 Oct 20;9:767924. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767924

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Copyright © 2021 Maciej-Hulme.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The structure of chondroitin sulphate (CS) is modified by hyaluronidase 4 (HYAL4)/chondroitin sulphate hydrolase (CHSE) degradation activity. Image depicts HYAL4 modification of cell surface and extracellular matrix CS proteoglycans (CSPGs). CS side chains are cleaved by HYAL4 to produce free oligosaccharides and a shorter parent chain. Released CS fragments and ligand cargo are free to travel to different locations and exert changes on other cells. The modified parent CSPG also modifies cell behaviour. Removal of CS from the extracellular matrix induces changes in tissue structure. Inset, chemical structure of CS with example sulphate groups highlighted in red. Figure created with BioRender.com.