Table 1.
Patient demographics and clinical characteristics according to AF and an ABI <0.9.
| AF (+) and ABI <0.9 (n = 44) | AF (+) and ABI ≥0.9 (n = 383) | p-value | AF (–) and ABI <0.9 (n = 15) | AF (–) and ABI ≥0.9 (n = 333) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 71.4 ± 14.4 | 69.3 ± 9.9 | 0.362 | 65.7 ± 12.8 | 60.3 ± 13.5 | 0.132 |
| Sex (female) | 18 (40.9) | 166 (43.3) | <0.001 | 6 (40.0) | 143 (42.9) | 0.822 |
| NIHSS score at admission | 9.5 [4.0, 19.0] | 5.0 [2.0, 13.0] | 0.758 | 4.0 [2.0, 5.0] | 2.0 [1.0, 5.0] | 0.195 |
| mRS ≥3 at 3 months | 20 (46.5) | 84 (22.2) | <0.001 | 4 (26.7) | 47 (14.6) | 0.259 |
| Recurrent stroke | 10 (22.7) | 48 (12.5) | 0.062 | 1 (6.7) | 18 (5.4) | 0.577 |
| CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score | ||||||
| 0 | 3 (6.8) | 13 (3.4) | 0.195 | 1 (6.7) | 25 (7.5) | 0.159 |
| 1 | 2 (4.5) | 46 (12.0) | 0 (0.0) | 64 (19.2) | ||
| ≥2 | 39 (88.6) | 324 (84.6) | 14 (93.3) | 244 (73.3) | ||
| Risk factors | ||||||
| Hypertension | 33 (75.0) | 276 (72.1) | 0.680 | 12 (80.0) | 210 (63.1) | 0.182 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14 (31.8) | 93 (24.3) | 0.275 | 8 (53.3) | 77 (23.1) | 0.013 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 10 (22.7) | 69 (18.0) | 0.446 | 4 (26.7) | 68 (20.4) | 0.523 |
| Current smoking | 4 (9.1) | 55 (14.4) | 0.337 | 5 (33.3) | 85 (25.5) | 0.548 |
| Congestive heart failure | 10 (22.7) | 49 (12.8) | 0.071 | 3 (20.0) | 17 (5.1) | 0.047 |
| Vascular disease | 22 (50.0) | 190 (49.6) | 0.961 | 11 (73.3) | 178 (53.5) | 0.131 |
| Previous TIA/infarction | 11 (25.0) | 49 (12.8) | 0.027 | 4 (26.7) | 41 (12.3) | 0.114 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 155.1 ± 79.7 | 133.7 ± 46.9 | 0.086 | 210.8 ± 192.0 | 137.5 ± 58.5 | 0.162 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 105.3 ± 35.4 | 104.6 ± 33.7 | 0.888 | 110.5 ± 44.0 | 114.9 ± 40.6 | 0.689 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 169.8 ± 39.5 | 168.9 ± 37.1 | 0.907 | 172.9 ± 49.5 | 182.4 ± 44.4 | 0.423 |
| Ankle blood pressure | ||||||
| SBP, mmHg | 114.9 ± 22.2 | 159.1 ± 26.9 | <0.001 | 121.8 ± 26.2 | 161.7 ± 28.8 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 60.4 ± 15.7 | 77.8 ± 13.2 | <0.001 | 69.7 ± 15.1 | 79.6 ± 14.4 | 0.010 |
| ABI* | 0.72 ± 0.15 | 1.10 ± 0.09 | <0.001 | 0.79 ± 0.12 | 1.11 ± 0.08 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile ranges], or numbers (%).
*
After obtaining bilateral ABI values, the lower value was used for the analysis. Peripheral artery disease was not considered in the CHA2DS2-VASc score. ABI, ankle-brachial index; AF, atrial fibrillation; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischemic attack.