Table 2.
Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
| Stroke recurrence | MACE | Mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRa (95% CI) | HRb (95% CI) | HRa (95% CI) | HRb (95% CI) | HRa (95% CI) | HRb (95% CI) | |
| NIHSS score at admission | 1.033 (0.998–1.070) | 1.032 (0.996–1.069) | 1.049 (1.027–1.072)c | 1.048 (1.025–1.072)c | 1.056 (1.031–1.081) | 1.053 (1.027–1.079)c |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0.939 (0.523–1.686) | 0.925 (0.510–1.679) | 0.744 (0.502–1.102) | 0.793 (0.533–1.179) | 0.690 (0.442–1.077) | 0.756 (0.482–1.186) |
| Current smoking | 1.157 (0.615–2.174) | 1.326 (0.660–2.666) | 1.276 (0.873–1.864) | 1.584 (1.041–2.409)c | 1.304 (0.861–1.977) | 1.755 (1.103–2.794)c |
| CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score | ||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 1 | 1.775 (0.198–15.917) | 3.129 (0.710–13.782) | 5.460 (0.709–42.025) | |||
| ≥2 | 4.989 (0.690–36.047) | 6.200 (1.534–25.056)c | 10.110 (1.410–72.492)c | |||
| CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score component | ||||||
| Age 65–74 | 1.316 (0.725–2.389) | 1.652 (1.114–2.448)c | 2.051 (1.280–3.287)c | |||
| Age ≥75 | 1.994 (1.053–3.776)c | 2.728 (1.810–4.112)c | 4.344 (2.708–6.969)c | |||
| Sex (female) | 1.352 (0.811–2.255) | 1.185 (0.859–1.635) | 1.162 (0.806–1.676) | |||
| Hypertension | 0.931 (0.544–1.591) | 1.270 (0.892–1.808) | 1.257 (0.847–1.866) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.426 (0.869–2.338) | 1.312 (0.959–1.796) | 1.296 (0.906–1.854) | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 0.753 (0.362–1.565) | 1.310 (0.875–1.963) | 1.597 (1.042–2.448)c | |||
| Vascular disease | 1.300 (0.812–2.079) | 0.926 (0.691–1.241) | 0.845 (0.609–1.173) | |||
| Previous TIA/infarction | 1.253 (0.683–2.300) | 0.873 (0.575–1.326) | 0.874 (0.552–1.382) | |||
| Groups | ||||||
| AF (–) and ABI ≥0.9 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| AF (–) and ABI <0.9 | 1.186 (0.156–8.989) | 1.006 (0.131–7.705) | 3.116 (1.465–6.629)c | 2.660 (1.237–5.718)c | 3.645 (1.623–8.187)c | 3.100 (1.362–7.056)c |
| AF (+) and ABI ≥0.9 | 1.743 (0.991–3.063) | 1.780 (0.990–3.199) | 1.305 (0.926–1.840) | 1.121 (0.782–1.607) | 1.357 (0.924–1.993) | 1.061 (0.709–1.589) |
| AF (+) and ABI <0.9 | 3.559 (1.570–8.066)c | 3.212 (1.342–7.684)c | 2.327 (1.371–3.949)c | 1.798 (1.032–3.133)c | 2.659 (1.483–4.767)c | 1.783 (0.967–3.287) |
Data were derived from the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Peripheral artery disease was not considered in the CHA2DS2-VASc score. ABI, ankle-brachial index; AF, atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
a
Adjusted for NIHSS score at admission, hypercholesterolemia, current smoking, and CHA2DS2-VASc score.
b
Adjusted for NIHSS score at admission, hypercholesterolemia, current smoking, age 65–74, age ≥75, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, vascular disease, and previous TIA/infarction.
c
p < 0.05.