Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Variable | All patients (n = 1,322) | NIHSS ≤ 5 (n = 866, 65.5%) | NIHSS 6–12 (n = 282, 21.3%) | NIHSS ≥ 13 (n = 174, 13.2%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 605 (45.8%) | 378 (43.6%) | 136 (48.2%) | 91 (52%) |
| Age, Mean (SD) | 70.8 (±14.9) | 69.1 (±15.3) | 73.5 (±13.8) | 74.8 (±12.7) |
| Over 80 years old | 385 (29.1%) | 222 (25.6%) | 99 (35.1%) | 64 (36.8%) |
| NIHSS, median (IQR) | 4 (2-8) | 2 (2-4) | 9 (8-11) | 17 (4-21) |
| Transfer patients | 240 (18.2%) | 110 (12.7%) | 62 (22.0%) | 68 (39.1%) |
| First diagnostic step | ||||
| Native CT | 485 (36.7%) | 384 (44.3%) | 76 (27.0%) | 25 (14.4%) |
| CT + CTA | 519 (39.3%) | 387 (44.7%) | 89 (31.6%) | 43 (24.7%) |
| CT + CTA + CTP | 296 (22.4%) | 83 (9.6%) | 110 (39.0%) | 103 (59.2%) |
| Polytrauma CT | 22 (1.6%) | 12 (1.4%) | 7 (2.4%) | 3 (1.7%) |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Ischemic Stroke, n (%) | 592 (44.5%) | 300 (34.6%) | 163 (57.8%) | 129 (74.1%) |
| Acute Stroke | 424 (71.6%) | 193 (64.3%) | 119 (73%) | 112 (86.8%) |
| Media Ischemia | 393 (66.4%) | 168 (56.0%) | 124 (76.1%) | 101 (78.3%) |
| SVO | 321 (54.2%) | 228 (76%) | 84 (51.5%) | 9 (7%) |
| ICA | 53 (9%) | 12 (4%) | 10 (6.1%) | 31 (24%) |
| M1 | 88 (14.9%) | 5 (1.7%) | 27 (16.6%) | 56 (43.4%) |
| M2 | 57 (9.6%) | 19 (6.3%) | 23 (14.1%) | 15 (11.6%) |
| M3 | 17 (2.9%) | 9 (3%) | 4 (2.4%) | 4 (3.1%) |
| VA | 18 (3%) | 11 (3.7%) | 5 (3.1%) | 2 (1.6%) |
| BA | 9 (1.5%) | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (0.6%) | 6 (4.7%) |
| P1 | 13 (2.2%) | 8 (2.6%) | 4 (2.5%) | 1 (0.8%) |
| P2 | 6 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 3 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) |
| A1 | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0% | 1 (0.8%) |
| A2 | 9 (1.5%) | 3 (1.0%) | 2 (1.2%) | 4 (3.1%) |
| ICH, n (%) | 110 (8.3%) | 33 (3.8%) | 49 (17.4%) | 28 (16.1%) |
| Loco typico | 52 (47.3%) | 23 (69.7%%) | 21 (42.8%) | 8 (28.6%) |
| Atypical | 58 (52.7%) | 10 (30.3%) | 28 (57.2%) | 20 (71.4%) |
| SAH, n (%) | 90 (6.8%) | 65 (7.5%) | 18 (6.4%) | 7 (4%) |
| Conservative Treatment | 50 (55.5%) | 44 (67.7%) | 4 (22.2%) | 2 (28.6%) |
| Clipping | 16 (17.8%) | 9 (13.8%) | 5 (27.8%) | 2 (28.6%) |
| Coiling | 24 (26.7%) | 12 (18.5%) | 9 (50%) | 3 (42.8%) |
| TIA, n (%) | 190 (14.4%) | 169 (19.5%) | 20 (7.1%) | 1 (0.6%) |
| ABCD2 0–3 | 70 (36.8%) | 67 (39.8%) | 3 (15%) | 0 (0%) |
| ABCD2 4–5 | 90 (47.4%) | 78 (46.5%) | 12 (60%) | 0 (0%) |
| ABCD2 6–7 | 30 (15.8%) | 23 (13.7%) | 5 (25%) | 1 (100%) |
| Mimic, n (%) | 319 (24.1%) | 289 (33.4%) | 23 (8.2%) | 7 (4%) |
| SDH, n (%) | 21 (1.6%) | 10 (1.2%) | 9 (3.2%) | 2 (1.1%) |
| Thrombectomy, n (%) | 135 (10.2%) | 15 (1.7%) | 41 (14.5%) | 79 (45.4%) |
| i.v. tPA | 167 (12.6%) | 48 (5.5%) | 62 (22%) | 57 (32.8%) |
| ASPECTS | ||||
| 0–3, n (%) | 8 (3.6%) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (1.5%) | 6 (5.5%) |
| 4–5, n (%) | 27 (12.1%) | 2 (4.2%) | 4 (6.1%) | 21 (19.1%) |
| 6–8, n (%) | 61 (27.2%) | 10 (20.8%) | 15 (22.7%) | 36 (32.7%) |
| 9–10, n (%) | 128 (57.1%) | 35 (72.9%) | 46 (69.7%) | 47 (42.7%) |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 255 (19.3%) | 141 (16.3%) | 73 (25.9%) | 41 (23.6%) |
| Previous TIA, n (%) | 85 (6.4%) | 61 (7.0%) | 14 (5%) | 10 (5.7%) |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 253 (19.3%) | 153 (17.7%) | 65 (23%) | 35 (20.1%) |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 71 (5.4%) | 50 (5.8%) | 13 (4.6%) | 8 (4.6%) |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 105 (7.9%) | 56 (6.5%) | 31 (11%) | 18 (10.3%) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 220 (16.6%) | 151 (17.4%) | 49 (17.4%) | 20 (11.5%) |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 83 (6.2%) | 46 (5.3%) | 17 (6%) | 20 (11.5%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 897 (67.9%) | 562 (64.9%) | 207 (73.4%) | 128 (73.6%) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 507 (38.4%) | 325 (37.5%) | 118 (41.8%) | 64 (36.8%) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 310 (23.4%) | 183 (21.1%) | 78 (27.7%) | 49 (28.2%) |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 250 (18.9%) | 111 (12.8%) | 67 (23.8%) | 72 (41.4%) |
| Persistent foramen ovale, n (%) | 359 (27.2%) | 234 (27%) | 84 (29.8%) | 41 (23.6%) |
| Oral anticoagulation, n (%) | 241 (18.2%) | 138 (16.1%) | 62 (22%) | 41 (23.6%) |
| Onset (last seen well) to door (h) | ||||
| <4.5, n (%) | 609 (46.1%) | 337 (39%) | 161 (57.1%) | 111 (63.8%) |
| 4.5–6, n (%) | 66 (5.0%) | 40 (4.6%) | 16 (5.7%) | 10 (5.7%) |
| 6–12, n (%) | 172 (13%) | 113 (13%) | 37 (13.1%) | 22 (12.7%) |
| 12–24, n (%) | 278 (21%) | 213 (24.6%) | 42 (14.9%) | 23 (13.2%) |
| >24, n (%) | 197 (14.9%) | 163 (18.8%) | 26 (9.2%) | 8 (4.6%) |
ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; BA, basilar artery; CTA, CT angiography; CTP, CT perfusion; ICA, internal carotid artery; ICH, intraparenchymal hemorrhage; IQR, interquartile range; i.v. tPA, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; SD, standard deviation; SDH, subdural hemorrhage; SVO, small vessel occlusion; TIA, transient ischemic attack; VA, vertebral artery.