TABLE 5.

Homogeneity test of action skill grouping and free grouping ARCS learning motivation pre-test.

Variable	Group	Mean	Standard deviation	Degree of freedom	t	F-test	Significance
Learning motivation	Experimental group	2.92	0.32	54	–1.6	2.8	0.10
	Control group	3.06	0.35
Attention	Experimental group	2.95	0.45	54	–3.1	1.6	0.01
	Control group	3.33	0.44
Self-associated	Experimental group	3.24	0.47	54	–0.88	1.0	0.35
	Control group	3.31	0.55
Self-confidence	Experimental group	2.90	0.58	54	–2.2	0.73	0.04
	Control group	3.35	0.57
Satisfaction	Experimental group	3.30	0.60	54	–1.9	0.45	0.03
	Control group	3.45	0.55