Table 3.

Analyses of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) associations with carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcium score, and vascular inflammation in the carotid arteries, respectively, in patients with psoriasis without cardiovascular disease and statin treatment.

	Carotid intima-media thickness*
	β coefficient	95% CI	p-value
GDF-15
Model 1	0.13	(0.06 to 0.21)	< 0.001
Model 2	0.07	(− 0.05 to 0.18)	0.237
Model 3	0.06	(− 0.05 to 0.18)	0.274

	Coronary artery calcium score**
	OR	95% CI	p-value
GDF-15
Model 1	1.70	(1.34 to 2.33)	< 0.001
Model 2	1.50	(1.11 to 2.13)	0.013
Model 3	1.56	(1.14 to 2.27)	0.010

	TBRmax (carotid arteries)*
	β coefficient	95% CI	p-value
NLR
Model 1	0.13	(0.02 to 0.24)	0.021
Model 2	0.11	(0.01 to 0.22)	0.039
Model 3	0.11	(0.00 to 0.22)	0.044

Model 1, crude results; Model 2, after adjustment for the America College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk score; Model 3, after adjustment for ACC/AHA risk score and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

TBR_max maximum target-to-background ratio, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.

*Linear -and multivariable regression models were performed to assess the association between GDF-15 and NLR and carotid intima-media thickness and vascular inflammation, respectively, in the carotid arteries.

**Ordinal logistic regression was performed to assess the association between GDF-15 and the coronary artery calcium score.