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. 2021 Nov 3;184(24):5932–5949.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.027

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© 2021 The Author(s)

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Figure S2 — Negative control stainings, related to Figures 3, 5, and 7

(A) Confocal image of a section of the respiratory mucosa of COVID #63. A negative control for the RNAscope protocol was performed on a section adjacent to the section of which a confocal image is shown in Figure 3L. The specificity of the densely packed SARS-CoV-2-orf1ab-sense puncta in cells lining gland ducts in the lamina propria in Figure 3L is demonstrated by the absence of puncta for the dapB gene of Bacillus subtilis in any of the three Opal channels (3-plex). (B) Confocal image of a section of the respiratory mucosa of COVID #51. The SARS-CoV-2-S probe gives densely packed red puncta. The SARS-CoV-2003-S probe, specific for S of SARS-CoV (now known as SARS-CoV-1) causing an outbreak in 2002–2004, gives no green puncta. (C) Confocal image of a section of the respiratory mucosa of control #12. This negative control for the SARS-CoV-2-M probe and the nucleocapsid antibody reveals no red puncta or blue IR signal. KRT8 marks epithelial cells in the respiratory epithelium and the lamina propria. (D) Confocal image of a section of the respiratory mucosa of control #12. This negative control for the SARS-CoV-2-N-sense and SARS-CoV-2-orf1ab probes reveals no red or blue puncta. Ciliated cells harbor FOXJ1 puncta. (E) Confocal image of a section of the olfactory mucosa of control #15. This negative control for the SARS-CoV-2-S and SARS-CoV-2-orf1ab-sense probes reveals no red or blue puncta. TUBB3 marks OSNs in the olfactory epithelium and labels OSN axon bundles in the lamina propria. (F) Confocal image of a section of the olfactory bulb of control #15. This negative control for the SARS-CoV-2-N and SARS-CoV-2-S-sense probes reveals no red or blue puncta. TUBB3 marks axons and olfactory bulb neurons. DAPI served as nuclear stain.